Effectiveness of organic substances in the control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuligenia) of butternut (Cucurbita moschata PEPO)

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/07/2016
Views (346) Download (10)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Effectiveness of organic substances in the control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuligenia) of butternut (Cucurbita moschata PEPO)

Munyaradzi Shamuyarira, Lovejoy Tembo, Sommerset Mhungu
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.9( 1), 92-99, July 2016.
Certificate: IJAAR 2016 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuligenia) is an economically important disease of cucurbits requiring sustainable means of management. A field experiment was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle milk, sodium bicarbonate, dilute acetic acid and garlic in controlling powdery mildew in butternut (Cucurbita moschata pepo). The trial was laid out as a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and 6 treatments. The treatments were applied at the following concentrations; 1. Cattle milk at 100ml/liter of water, 2. Dilute acetic acid at 6ml/litre of water, 3. Bicarbonate of soda at 10g/litre of water, 4. Garlic at 20g/litre of water, 5. Tubuconazole in the form of folicur at 0.5ml per liter of water and 6. Control which was not sprayed. A significant difference (P<0.01) was recorded at 60days after planting with respect to disease incidence and milk had the lowest incidence of 12.9% and the highest incidence of 37.3% was recorded in the control treatment. Milk and sodium bicarbonate managed to suppress both disease incidence and severity. This study confirms the fungicidal properties of milk and sodium bicarbonate, garlic, and dilute acetic, suggesting their use as fungicides for disease control for sustainable powdery mildew management.

VIEWS 17

Acero FJF, Carbu M, El-Akhal MR, Garrido C, Gonzalez-Rodriguez VE, Cantoral JM. 2011. Development of proteomics-based fungicides: New strategies for environmentally friendly control of fungal diseases. International Journal of Molecular Science 12, 795-816.

Baldwin RE, Waldenmaier CM. 1992. Evaluation of selected fungicides for the control of powdery and downy mildew in squash. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 47, 131.

Bekepe K, Sommartya T, Rakvidhyasastra V, Singburaudom N, Sukprasert P, Berga, L. 2006. Crude garlic extract effect on the growth of mycelia, germination of zoospores and sporangia and time of application on the infection of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary of Potato under controlled conditions in Ethiopia. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science 40, 729-737.

Bettiol W. 1999. Effectiveness of cow’s milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in greenhouse conditions. Crop Protection 18, 489-491.

Chaube HS, Pundir VS. 2009. Crop diseases and their management. Second edition. PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi 172-175.

Cheah LH, Page BBC, Cox JK. 1996. Epidemiology of powdery mildew (sphaerotheca fuliginea) of squash. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 147-151.

Crisp AD, Wicks TJ, Troup BG, Scot ES. 2006. Mode of action of milk and whey in   the control of grapevine powdery mildew. Australasian Plant Pathology 35, 487-493.

Daughtrey ML, Hodge KT, Shishkoff N. 2006. In: Trigiano RN, Windham MT, Windham AS. Plant pathology. Concepts and laboratory exercises. CRC Press, New York 219-220.

Enright SM, Cipollini D. 2007. Infection by Powdery Mildew Erysiphe crucuferarum (Erysiphaceae) strongly affects growth and fitness of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 94(11), 1813-1820.

Grozav M, Foarce A. 2005. Preliminary study on the biological activity of Allium sativum L. essential oil as potential plant growth regulators. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 4, 1138-1142.

Gullino ML, Wardlow LR. 1999. Ornamentals. In: R. Albajes, M.L. Gullino, J.C. van Lenteren, and Y. Elad (eds.) In­tegrated pest and disease management in greenhouse crops. Kluwer, Netherlands 48-60.

Hacquard S. 2014. Chapter Four-The genomics of powdery mildew fungi: past achievements, present status and future prospects. Advances in Botanical Research 70, 109-142.

Homma Y, Arimoto Y, Misato T. 1981. Effects of sodium bicarbonate on each growth stage of cucumber powdery mildew fungus (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in its life cycle. Journal of Pesticide Science 6, 201-209.

Kabir L, Sang-Woo K, Jin HJ, Yun SK, Kyoung SK, Youn SL. 2011. Inhibition effects of silver nanoparticles against powdery mildew on cucumber and pumpkin. Microbiology 39(1), 26-32.

Ko WH, Wang SY, Hsieh TF, Ann PJ. 2003. Effects of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici. Journal of Phytopathology 151, 144-148.

Korycha-Dahl M, Richardson T. 1978. Phytogeneration of superoxide anion in serum of bovine milk and in model systems containing riboflavin and amino acids. Journal of Dairy Science 61, 400-407.

McGrath MT, Shishkoff N. 1999. Evaluation of biocompatible products for managing cucurbit powdery mildew. Crop Protection 18, 471- 478.

McGrath MT. 1996. Successful management of powdery mildew in pumpkin with disease threshold based fungicide programmes. Plant Disease 80, 910-916.

McGrath MT. 2001. Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew: expertise and challenges. Plant Disease 85 (3), 236-245.

Morsy SM, Dragham EA, Mohamed GM. 2009. Powdery Mildew Diseases and Growth Characteristics of Cucumber. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 3, 35- 46.

New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research. 2001. Powdery mildew in squash Fact sheet 133, 1-2.

O’Brien RG. 1994. Fungicide resistances in population of cucurbit powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 22, 145-149.

Pasini C, D’Aquila F, Curir P, Gullino ML. 1997. Effectiveness of antifungal compounds against rose powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) in glasshouses. Crop Protection 16, 251- 256.

Reuveni M, Agapo V, Reuveni R. 1995. Suppression of cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) by foliar sprays of phosphate and potassium salts. Plant pathology 44, 31- 39.

Reuveni M, Agapov V, Reuveni R. 1993. Induction of systemic resistance to powdery mildew and growth increase in cucumbers by phosphates. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 9, 305-315.

Shi Z, Wang F, Zhou W, Zhang P, Jian Fan Y. 2007. Application of Osthol induces a resistance response against powdery mildew in pumpkin leaves. International Journal of Molecular Science 8, 1001-1012.

Sinclair JB, Dingra OD. 1995. Basic Plant Pathology Methods. Second Edition. CRC Press, Florida 170-176.

Trigiano RN, Windham MT, Windham AS. 2006. Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises CRC press Washington DC.

Tzeng DD, Devay JE. 1989. Biocidal activities of mixtures of methiomine and riboflavin against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria and possible modes of action. Mycologia 81, 402- 412.

Williams G, Williams P. 1992. More on baking soda/horticultural oil vs. fungal disease. HortIdeas. June 69.

Williams G, Williams P. 1997. Sodium bicarbonate for control of mildew on grapes. HortIdeas. June p. 70.

Ziv O, Zitter TA. 1992. Effects of bicarbonates and film-forming polymers on cucurbit diseases. Plant Disease 76, 513-517.