Effect of plant extracts on important fungal pathogens and germination of tomato seed

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Research Paper 01/04/2021
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Effect of plant extracts on important fungal pathogens and germination of tomato seed

Geraldin M.W. Lengai, James W. Muthomi, Ernest R. Mbega
Int. J. Biosci.18( 4), 77-92, April 2021.
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of seven spices against selected soil and seed-borne fungal pathogens that affect tomato as well as the effect of their concentrations on the germination of tomato seed. Bioactive compounds from clove, cinnamon, black pepper, turmeric, ginger, cardamom and lemongrass were extracted in ethanol, concentrated under vacuum and tested for antifungal activity against Pythium, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici in a poisoned food experiment. Four concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% were made from the plant extracts and untreated tomato seeds were soaked in each for 12 hours and then incubated in moist blotter chambers and germination monitored over 20 days. Results indicated that clove, turmeric, ginger and black pepper were active in inhibiting the growth of all the pathogens by about 81%. Pythium was the most susceptible pathogen and its growth was completely inhibited by ginger, clove, black pepper extracts as well as the fungicide. High germination percentages of up to 99% were recorded in seeds treated with lemongrass, black pepper, cardamom, turmeric and cinnamon diluted by 30 and 40%. This study confirms the effectiveness of plant extracts as antifungal agents that also support the germination of seeds at the appropriate concentrations and should be considered for the development of a botanical seed treatment. Clove, black pepper and ginger should be considered as sources for botanical pesticides for the management of damping-off in tomato seedbeds.

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