Determination of heavy metals levels in water of River Jhelum in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Paper Details
Determination of heavy metals levels in water of River Jhelum in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Abstract
Rivers are dynamic fresh water systems that are essential for the extension of life. The goal of present research was to analyze spatial distribution of some selected heavy metals in water of River Jhelum flowing through Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Overall eleven water samples were collected during month of June 2014 and were examined for heavy metals lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper and zinc. The obtained results were matched with the guiding principle laid by World Health Organization (WHO) for river water. The concentration of metals namely lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury and nickel were found beyond the permissible limits suggested by WHO. Only copper and zinc were recorded within the range.
Akhtar N. 1991. Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Fisheries profile, feasible sites for trout culture and an overall sectoral development perspective. Report for project PAK/88/084. FAO, Rome 25.
Ammar T, Abderrahmane B. 2010. Hydro chemical analysis and assessment of surface water chemical analysis and assessment of surface water quality in Koudiate Medouar Reservoir, Algeria. E. J. Sci. Res 41, 273-285.
APHA. 1998. ‘Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater’, 20th ed., Am. Public Health Assoc., Washington, DC, USA.
Ashraf M, Tariq J, Jaffar M. 1991. Contents of trace metals in fish, sediment and water from three freshwater reservoirs on the Indus River, Pakistan. Fish Res 12, 355.
Ayele J, Fabre B, Mazet M. 1993. Influence the origin at the nature of the substances humiques adsorption the atrazine carbon acting in powder. Rev. Sci 6, 381-394.
Bagchi D, Stohs SJ, Bernard WO, Bagchi M, Preus HG. 2002. Cytotoxicity and oxidation mechanism of different forms of chromium. Toxicol 180, 5-22.
Boszke L, Walski AKO. 2006. Spatial distribution of mercury in soils and bottom sediments from Poznań City, Poland. Polish J. Environ. Stud 15, 211.
Clarckson TW. 1988. Biological monitoring of toxic metals; Plenum Press: New York 265-282.
Clayton GD, Clayton FE. 194. Patty’s Industrial Hygiene Toxicology, 4th ed.; A Wiley-Inter science Publication: New York 2157-2173.
Diagomanol IV, Farhang M, Ghazi-Khansarim, Jafarzadeh N. 2004. Heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in the Karoon waterway river, Iran. Toxicol. Lett 151, 63.
Fan GF, Wan GQ, Li J. 2004. Urban environmental mercury in Changchun, a metropolitan city in Northeastern China: source, cycle, and fate. Sci. Tot. Environ 330, 159.
Farooq MA, Shaukat SS, Zafar MU, Abbas Q. 2012. Variation patterns of heavy metal concentration during Pre-and Pot-monsoon seasons in the surface water of River Indus (Sindh Province). W. App. Sci. J 19, 582-587.
Ferguson JE. 1991. The Heavy Elements. Chemistry, Environment Impact, and Health effects, 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Grandjean P. 1984. Human exposure to nickel. Iarc Sci. Publ 53, 469.
Haber LT, Erdreicht L, Diamond GL, Maier AM, Ratney R, Zhao Q, Dou RNML. 2000. Hazard identification and dose response of inhaled nickel-soluble salts. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol 31, 210.
Inter press Service (IPS). 1999. Most Rivers in the World are polluted Washington D.C Inter– press Service Wire Service 38-41.
Ismail S, Saifullah SM, Khan SH. 2006. Assessment of chromium in water and sediments of Indus delta mangroves. J. Chem. Soc. Pak 28, 426.
Jain AK. 2009. River pollution. APH Publishing, New Delhi, India.
Jurate V, Sillanpaa M. 2006. Chemical evaluation of potable water in Eastern Qinghai Province, China: Human health aspects. Env. Int 32, 80-86.
Katachalam JK, Nithya A, Chandra MS. 2010. Correlation analysis of drinking water quality in and around Perur block of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Rasayan J. Chem 3, 649-654.
Khangembam B, Gupta A. 2008. Limnological studies of Nambul river with reference to its resources flora and fauna 12, 193-198.
Kolawole OM, Aiibola TB, Osuolale OO. 2008. Bacteriological investigation of a wastewater discharge run-off stream in Ilorin, Nigeria. J. Appl. Environ. Sci 4, 33-371.
Maitera ON, Ogugbuaja VO, Barminas JT. 2010. An assessment of the organic Pollution levels of River Benue in Adamawa. State, Nigeria. J. Env. Chem. Ecotox 2, 110-116.
Moore JW, Ramamoorthy S. 1984. Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: Applied Monitorin and Impact Assessment, Springer-Verlag, New York 28-246.
Muhammad S, Shah MT, Khan S. 2011. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Micro. chem 98, 334-343.
Nickson RT, McArthur JM, Shrestha B, Kyaw-Myint TO, Lowry D. 2005. Arsenic and other drinking water quality issues, Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan. Appl. Geochem 20, 55.
Omoigberale MO, Ogbeibu AE. 2005. Assessing the environmental impacts of oil exploration and production on the Osse River, Southern Nigeria, I. Heavy metals. Afri. J. Environ. Pollu. And Hlth 4, 27-32.
Pillai KC. 1983. Heavy metals in aquatic environment, Water pollution and management (Varshey C.K.) New Delhi: Wiley 74-93.
Ramkumar T, Venkatramanan S, Mary, IA, Tamilselvi M. Ramesh G. 2009. Hydrogeochemical quality of Physical analysis of groundwater using GIS 547 groundwater in Vedaranniyam Town, Tamilnadu, India. Res. J. Earth Sci 1, 28-34.
Sadia A, Feroza HW, Imran Q, Hamid MSW, Tirmizi SA, Muhammad AQ. 2013. Monitoring of anthropogenic influences on underground and surface water quality of Indus River at district Mianwali-Pakistan. Turk. J. Biochem 38, 25-30.
Saif MS, Midrar-Ul-Haq, Memon. 2005. Heavy metals contamination through industrial effluent to irrigation water and soil in Korangi area of Karachi (Pakistan). Int. J. Agri. Biol 7, 646.
Sangu RPS, Sharma SK. 1987. An assessment of water quality of river Ganga at Garmukeshwar. Ind. J. Ecol 14, 278-287.
SDWF. 2003. Drinking Water Quality and Health. Safe Drinking Water Foundation.
Shrestha S. Kazama F. 2007. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji River Basin, Japan. Env. Mod. Sof 22, 464-475.
Sindhu PS. 2002. Environmental Chemistry, 1st ed., New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi 75-243.
Singh LB. 2007. River pollution. APH Publishing, New Delhi, India.
Tariq SR, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Jaffar M, Khalique A. 2008. Statistical source identification of metals in groundwater exposed to industrial contamination. Environ. Monit. Ass 138, 159.
Varol M, Sen B. 2009. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of Behrimaz Stream Turkey. Envi. Moni. Ass 159, 543-553.
Young RA. 1995. Toxicity Profiles. Toxicity summary for nickel and nickel compounds. Yugoslavi, Heavy Metals. Problems and Solutions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 301-321.
Zarazua G, Avila-Perez P, Tejeda S, Barcelo-Quintal I, Martinez T. 2006. Analysis of total and dissolved heavy metals in surface water of a Mexican polluted river by Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 61, 1180 1184.
Rizwan Ullah, Rehana Asghar, Zafar Tanveer, Saiqa Aziz, Muhammad Babar, Shaukat Ali, Syed Ali Mustajab Akbar Shah Eqani, Adeel Mahmood (2018), Determination of heavy metals levels in water of River Jhelum in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan; IJB, V12, N2, February, P266-273
https://innspub.net/determination-of-heavy-metals-levels-in-water-of-river-jhelum-in-the-state-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-pakistan/
Copyright © 2018
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0