A parametric study and mathematical modeling of electro-flocculation as harvesting process of Dunaliella salina microalgae for biodiesel production
Paper Details
A parametric study and mathematical modeling of electro-flocculation as harvesting process of Dunaliella salina microalgae for biodiesel production
Abstract
Electro-flocculation is one of the technologies which have been considered for microalgae harvesting by many researchers in recent years. In this paper, electro-flocculation has been used for the harvesting and recovery Dounalila Salina microalgae from the culture medium. The effect of current intensity, time for electro-flocculation, electrode gap, stirring speed and electrode material on harvesting and recovery microalgae was investigated in batch test, and the modeling of microalgae recovery process was conducted by response surface methodology with combining categorical and numeric factors based on the D-optimal design. The modified quadratic model was used to fit the microalgae recovery efficiency data obtained from each batch test. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted and predicted were more than 0.98, 0.96 and 0.90 respectively, which indicated that the modified quadratic model could describe the microalgae recovery efficiency in the batch tests of this study successfully. The results indicated that the linear effect of independent variable on the recovery efficiency is very statistically significant. Moreover with increasing the electric current intensity and time for electro-flocculation, or reduce the distance between the electrodes, the recovery efficiency has increased significantly. Also by increasing stirrer speed from 0 to 200 rpm the amount of recovery efficiency is increased, and by increasing stirrer speed from 200 to 400 rpm the amount of recovery efficiency has decreased. The results showed that aluminum electrodes on the recovery of microalgae from the culture medium are more efficient than iron electrodes.
Ahmad A, Sumathi S, Hameed B. 2006. Coagulation of residue oil and suspended solid in palm oil mill effluent by chitosan, alum and PAC. Chem Eng J 118, 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.02.001
Alaton IA, Kabdash I, Hanbada D, Kuybu E. 2008. Electrocoagulation of a real reac-tive dyebath effluent using aluminum and stainless steel electrodes, J. Hazard. Mater 150, 166–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.032
Alfafara CG, Nakano K, Nomura N, Igarashi T, Matsumura M. 2002. Operating and scale-up factors for the electrolytic removal of algae from eutrophied lakewater. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77(8), 871–876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.649
Azarian GH, Mesdaghinia AR, Vaezi F. 2007. Algae removal by electro-coagulation process, application for treatment of the effluent from an industrial wastewater treatment plant. Iranian J Publ Health 36, 57–64.
Bernhardt H, Clasen J. 1991. Flocculation of micro-organisms. J Water SRT-Aqua 40, 76–87.
Caizares P, Carmona M, Lobato J, Martnez F, Rodrigo MA. 2005. Electrodissolution of aluminium electrodes in electrocoagulation processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Research 44, 4178–4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie048858a
Canizares P, Martinez F, Jime´ nez C, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. 2006. Coagulation and electrocoagulation of wastes polluted with dyes. Environ Sci Technol 40, 6418–6424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0608390
Cheng Y-S, Zheng Y, Labavitch J, Vandergheynst J. 2011. The impact of cell wall carbohydrate composition on the chitosan flocculation of chlorella. Process biochem 46, 1927– 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.06.021
Chsti Y.2007. Biodiesel from microalgae: A review. Biotechnology Advances 25, 294-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001
Duan J, Gregory J. 2003. Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts. Adv. Colloid interface science 100, 475–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00067-2
Dincer, K. 2008. Lower emissions from biodiesel combustion. Energy Sour A 30, 963–968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030601082753
Gao S, Yang J, Tian J, Ma F, Tu G, Du M. 2010. Electro-coagulation- flotation process for algae removal. J Hazard Mater 177, 336–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.037
Garzon-Sanabria AJ, Davis RT, Nikolov ZL. 2012. Harvesting Nannochloris oculata by inorganic electrolyte flocculation: effect of initial cell density, ionic strength, coagulant dosage, and media ph. Bioresource Technol 118, 418–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.057
Goldemberg J, Johansson TB. 2004. World Energy Assessment: Overview 2004 Update. New York, United Nations Development Programme, USA, 88 p.
Horiuchi J, Ohba I, Tada K, Kobayashi M, Kanno T, Kishimoto M. 2003. Effective Cell Harvesting of the Halotolerant Microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta with ph Control. J Biosci Bioeng 95, 412– 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(03)80078-6
Johnson Mk, Johnson EJ, macelroy RD, Speer HL, Bruff BS. 1968. Effects of salts on the halophylic algae Dunaliella viridis. Journal of Bacteriology 95, 1461-1468.
Kim J, Ryu B. G, Kim B. K, Han J. I, Yang J. W. 2012. Continuous microalgae recovery using electrolysis with polarity exchange. Bioresource Technology 111, 268-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.104
Kim TH, Park C, Shin EB, Kim S. 2002. Decolorization of disperse and reactive dyes by continuous electrocoagulation process. Desalinisation 150,165–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00941-4
Lei A, Chen H, Shen G, Hu Z, Chen L, Wang J. 2012. Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes and fatty acid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis under different stressors. Biotechnol Biofuels 5, 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-18
Mollah MY, Morkovsky P, Gomes JAG, Kesmez M, Parga J, Cocke DL. 2004. Fundamentals, present and future perspectives of electrocoagulation. J Hazard Mater 114,199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.009
Mollah MY, Schennach R, Parga JR, Cocke DL. 2001. Electrocoagulation (EC) science and applications. J Hazard Mater 84, 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00176-5
Montgomery D. C. 2001. Design and Analysis of Experiments, fifth ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, pp. 427–500.
Nanseu-Njiki Ch. 2009. Mercury (II) removal from water by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron electroes, Journal of Hazardous Materials 168, 1430-1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.042
Papazi A, Makridis P, Divanach P. 2009. Harvesting Chlorella minutissima using cell coagulants. J Appl Phycol 22, 349–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9465-2
Pereira H, Barreira L, Mozes A, Florindo C, Polo C, Duarte CV, Custódio L, Varela J. 2011. Microplate-based high throughput screening procedure for the isolation of lipid-rich marine microalgae. Biotechnol Biofuels 4, 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-61
Valdivia-Lefort P. 2011. An optimal harvesting and dewatering system mechanism for microalgae. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 7(2), 211-215.
Vandamme D, Pontes SCV, Goiris K, Foubert I, Pinoy LJJ, Muylaert K. 2011. Evaluation of Electro-Coagulation-Flocculation for harvesting marine and freshwater microalgae. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 108, 2320-2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.23199
Vasudevan S, Sozhan G, Ravichandran S, Jayaraj J, Lakshmi J, Sheela SM. 2008. Studies on the removal of phosphate from drinking water by electrocoagulation process, Ind. Eng. Chem. Research 47, 2018–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0714652
Weyer K, Bush D, Darzins A, Willson B. 2009. Theoretical Maximum Algal Oil Production. Bioenerg Res 3, 204–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-009-9046-x
Zaied M, Bellakhal N. 2009. Electrocoagulation treatment of black liquor from paper industry, J. Hazard. Mater 163, 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.115
Zhu B, Clifford DA, Chellam S. 2005. Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment for enhanced virus removal using microfiltration membranes. Water Research 39, 3098–3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.020
Zongo I, Maiga AH, Wethe J, Valentin G, Leclerc JP, Paternotte G, Lapicque FL. 2009. Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile wastewaters with Al or Fe electrodes: compared variations of COD levels, turbidity and absorbance, J. Hazard. Mater 169, 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.072
Heydar Mohammad-Ghasemnejadmaleki, Morteza Almassi, Mohammad Amin Hejazi, Saeid Minaei (2014), A parametric study and mathematical modeling of electro-flocculation as harvesting process of Dunaliella salina microalgae for biodiesel production; JBES, V5, N2, August, P85-96
https://innspub.net/a-parametric-study-and-mathematical-modeling-of-electro-flocculation-as-harvesting-process-of-dunaliella-salina-microalgae-for-biodiesel-production/
Copyright © 2014
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0