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Detailed characterization of saponins isolated from Zygophyllum Propinqueem Decne

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Research Paper 04/01/2023
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Detailed characterization of saponins isolated from Zygophyllum Propinqueem Decne

Muhammad Qaisar, Farina Kanwal, Muhammad Siddique, Muhammad Akram, Yousaf Ali Khan, Humaira Inayat, Farah Gul, Yaqoob ur Rehman, Shazma Anwar, Rifat Naz, Syed Murtaza Hussain, Mushtaq Ahmad
Int. J. Biosci.22( 1), 70-76, January 2023.
Certificate: IJB 2023 [Generate Certificate]
Key: HPLCNMRSaponinsZygophyllaceaeZygophyllum propinquum Decne

Abstract

Zygophyllum propinquum Decne (syn. Z. coccineum, family: Zygophyllaceae) is a low shrub, perennial herb, or desert succulent undershrub and has several important biological activities. The major secondary metabolites of this plant are a class of ursane-type triterpene saponins. Saponins derive their name from stable foam formation in water. These saponins have peculiar properties like, bitterness, fish poisoning, haemolysis, complex formation with cholesterol. Saponins are consisting of two main parts, one is the aglycone part while the other one is the glycone part. The glycone part is further consisting of sugar moieties. Current studies were conducted to isolate specifically biologically important saponins. Saponins were isolated successfully using standard procedures and characterized successfully using different spectroscopic techniques including Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Two saponins were isolated from the whole plant of Zygophyllum propinquum Decne with the help of repeated column chromatography and HPLC. The purified saponins were hydrolyzed with H2SO4-dioxane resulting in lactone formation. All the compounds (saponins and lactone) were characterized with the help of FAB-MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques. Their structures were confirmed to be 3-O–β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)- β-D-2-O-sulfo-glucuronopyranosylurs-20(21)-en28 oic acid 28-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] ester (1), (3β–O-2-O-sulfo-β-D-glucuronopyranosylurs-20(21)-en28 oic acid 28-O-[β-D-2-O-sulfonylglucuronopyranosyl] ester (2), and 3β-Hydroxy urs-28,20 β-olide (3).

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