Diversity of vegetation around the springs to support water resource conservation in belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Paper Details
Diversity of vegetation around the springs to support water resource conservation in belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Abstract
The research was conducted in catchment area of Lahurus, Wetihu, Wewai and Mauhalek, Lasiolat District of Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this research was to find out species composition and stratification of vegetation in springs to support water resource conservation. Vegetation sampling was conducted using quadrate method. Data were collected for further analysis in descriptively-quantitatively way using the important value index. The results showed there were 71 species and 1,910 individuals belong to 30 families. Calculation results show the presence of a dominant species based on the highest importance value index found in the study area (>50%). Species found was Caryota mitis, Spathodea campanulata, Intsia bijuga, Aglaia argentea, Alstonia scholaris, Mangifera minor, Terminalia catappa, Arenga pinnata and Ficus sp. From quantitative analysis it showed that dominant index value there were no species dominating over other species or community structure was stable because c = 0. The species diversity index of tree phase in study site categorized low to moderate with value 0.94 to 1.12.The results calculation of community similarity index on tree phase in study site as follows; Lahurus-Wetihu obtained value 59.46%, Wetihu-Wewai 30.30 and Wewai-Mauhalek 46.67. Stratification of vegetation in the study area was complete from A stratum to E stratum. Vegetation was found in generally a local species that can growing and develop optimally in the spring. Species found was Spathodea campanulata, Intsia bijuga, Mangifera minor, Dendrocalamus sp., Zysigium sp, and Ficus sp. Species found was considered to have a good value for soil conservation and water conservation because it has a compact establishment canopy and complex root architecture.
Balakrishnan MR, Borgstrom, Bie SW. 1994. Tropical ecosystem, a synthesis of Tropical ecology and conservation. New York, USA: International Science Publisher.
Barbour GM, Burk HJ, Pitt WD. 1980. Terrestrial plant ecology. London, UK: The Benjamin Publishing Company.
Brower JE, Jerrold HZ, Car INVE. 1990. Field and laboratory methods for general Ecology, Third Edition, New York, USA: Wm. C. Brown Publisher.
Crawley MJ. 1986. Plant ecology. Cambridge Center, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publication.
Dauwani KR. 2012. Analysis of Run off Co-eficient to control Direct Run off (Case study in watershed of Citarum Hulu), Thesis. Bandung Institute of Technology. Bandung.
Fetter CW. 1988. Applied Hydrogeology. Second edition, New York: Mac Millan.
Fiqa AP, Arisoesilaningsih E, Soejono. 2005. Conservation of spring in Brantas Watershed using Indonesian Flora diversity. National Seminar of Basic Science II. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, February 26th, 2005.
Greig-Smith P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology, Study in Ecology, Volume 9, Oxford, MA Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Indriyanto. 2008. Forest Ecology, Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara Jakarta.
Kershaw KA. 1978. Quantitave and dynamic plant ecology, London, England: Edward Amold Publisher.
Kimmins JP. 1987. Forest ecology. New York: Mac.Milan Publishing Co.
Krebs. 1978. Ecology, The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Third Edition, Harper and Row Distribution.
Lee R. 1986. Forest Hydrology. Subagio S., (Transl.). Prawirohatmodjo S. (Ed). Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University Press. 1980, New York, USA: Columbia University Press.
Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Nevada FT. 2007. Composition and structure of ex-intensive selective logging stands in Indonesia (Case Study in area of IUPHHK PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, West Kalimantan). Bogor: Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University.
Odum EHL M. 1993. Fundamental of ecology. Samingan T. (Transl.). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gajah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Odum EP. 1983. Basic Ecology. Tokyo, Japan: Saunders College Publ. Holt Saunder.
Odum EP. 1996. Fundamental of ecology. Third Edition, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Prasetyo. 2001. Study of applied technology on Geographic Information System supported by Remote Sensing to evaluate the underground water (Case study in Pasuruan Regency). Master Thesis. Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Tecnology, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Richards LA. 1952. Report of The Subcommittee on Permeability and Infiltration, committee on Terminology. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.
Singer HA, Purwanto E. 2006. Mistery of diversity in Lambusango Forest. Buton: PKHL-Operation Wallacea Trust.
Soerianegara I, Indrawan A. 1983. Forest Ecology of Indonesia. Faculty of Forestry. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
Soerianegara I, Indrawan A. 2008. Forest Ecology of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia: Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
Vickery ML. 1984. Ecology of Tropical Plants, Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Whitten T, Soeriaatmadja RE, Afiff SA. 1996. The ecology of Java and Bali. Singapore: Periplus Editions.
Ferdinandus Boy Kali, Zaenal Kusuma, Amin Setyo Leksono , 2015. Diversity of vegetation around the springs to support water resource conservation in belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 6(4), 100-114.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.