Effect of different tillage methods on the growth, development, yield and yield components of bread wheat
Paper Details
Effect of different tillage methods on the growth, development, yield and yield components of bread wheat
Abstract
A two years field study was conducted to investigate the effect of three tillage methods (T1: Conventional tillage (CT), T2: Reduced tillage (RT) and T3: No tillage (NT)) on the growth, development, yield and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. TD-1). Results shown that when compared to RT (T2) and NT (T3) methods, the CT (T1) method caused substantial improvement in almost all the growth, yield and yield component traits of bread wheat in both the years, particularly it improved seedling emergence percentage, plant height, root system, number of main-stem leaves per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of spike-lets per spike, spike length, number of grains per spike and grain and straw yields per hectare. However, the marginal return from reduced tillage treatment (T2) was greater for both the years as compared to other treatments.
Adl SM, Coleman CD, Read F. 2005. Slow recovery of soil biodiversity in sandy loam soils of Georgia after 25 years of no-tillage management. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 114, 323-334.
Ahmed NM, Rashid AG. 1996. Fertilizer and their use in Pakistan, NFDC. Publication, No.4/96, 2nd Ed, Islamabad.
Alvarez R, Steinbach HS. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soilphysical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research 104, 1-15.
Aslam MA, Majid MA. 1999. Zero tillage wheat production technology prospects and threats. Science and Technology Development International Journal, 1, 15-19.
Babujia LC, Hungria M, Franchini JC, Brookes PC. 2010. Microbial biomass and activity at various soil depths in a Brazilian oxisol after two decades of no-tillage andconventional tillage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42, 2174-2181.
Bahrani MJ, Kheradnam M, Emam Y, Ghadiri H, Assad MT. 2002. Effects of tillagemethods on wheat yield and yield components in continuous wheat cropping. ExperimentalAgriculture. Cambridge University Press 38, 389-395.
Busscher WJ, Bauer PJ, Frederick JR. 2005. Deep tillage management for high strengthsoutheastern USA Coastal Plain soils. A Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 2611 W Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA.
Chandio FA, Changying J, Tagar AA, Mari IA, Talpur MA, Soomro AG. 2012. Assessment of soil fertility at different working depths of moldboard plow under siltyloam soil.J. Stor. Produ. Postharvest Research 8, 107-116.
Dawelbeit MI, Babiker EA. 1997. Effect of tillage and sowing method on growth and yield ofwheat. Soil and Tillage Research 42, 127–132.
DeVita P, Paolo ED, Fecondo G, Fono ND, Pisante M. 2007. No-tillage andconventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture contentin southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research 92, 69-78.
Feng FX, Huang GB, Chai Q, Yu AZ. 2010. Tillage and straw management impacts onsoil properties, root growth, and grain yield of winter wheat in Northwestern China. Crop Science 50, 1465-1473.
GOP. 2014. Economic survey of Pakistan 2013-14. Finance and Economic Affairs Division, Islamabad.
Hobbs PR, Mann C, Butler L. 1988. A Perspective on Research Needs for the Rice-Wheat Rotation. In Klatt, A.R. (ed) Wheat Production Constraints in Tropical Environments, Mexico, CIMMYT.
Jin H, Hongwen L, Rasaily RG, Qingjie W, Guohua C, Yanbo S, Xiaodong Q, Lijin L. 2011. Soil properties and crop yields after 11 years of no tillage farming in wheat–maizecropping system in North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research 113, 48-54.
Jug I, Jug D, Sabo M, Stipešević B, Stošić M. 2011. Winter wheat yield and yieldcomponents as affected by soil tillage systems. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 35, 1-7.
Lithourgidisa AS, Dhimab KV, Damalasd CA, Vasilakoglouc V, Eleftherohorinosd IG. 2006. Tillage Effects on Wheat Emergence and Yield at VaryingSeeding Rates, and on Labor and Fuel Consumption. Crop Science 46, 1187-1192.
Machado S, Petrie S, Rhinhart K, Ramig RE. 2008. Tillage Effects on Water Use andGrain Yield of Winter Wheat and Green Pea in Rotation. Agronomy Journal 1, 154-162.
Mathew RP, Feng Y, Githinji L, Ankumah R, Balkcom KS. 2012. Impact of no-tillageand conventional tillage systems on soilmicrobial communities. Application and Environment. Soil Science 10, 1-10.
Osunbitiana JA, Oyedeleb DJ, Adekalua KO. 2004. Tillage effects on bulk density,hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil inPage, A.L., R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, ASA,Monograph No. 9. Madison, WI, USA.
Putte AV, Govers G, Diels J, Gillijns K, Demuzere M. 2010. Assessing the effect of soiltillage on crop growth: a meta-regression analysis on European crop yield under conservation agriculture. European Journal of Agronomy 33, 231-241.
Randhawa AS, Jolly RS, Dhillon SS. 1979. Effect of seed rate and row spacing on the yield ofdwarf wheat under different sowing dates. Field Crop Abstracts 32, 87-96.
Rubino P, Franchi SD. 1990. Wheat root system responses to different tillage techniques. Agriculture Mediterranean 120, 180-183.
Sainju UM, Lenssen A, Tonthat TC, Waddell J. 2006. Tillage and Crop Rotation Effectson Dryland Soil and Residue Carbon and Nitrogen. Soil Science Society American Journal 70, 668-678.
Niamatullah Leghari, Muhammad S. Mirjat, Abdul Qadir Mughal, Inayatullah Rajpar, Habibullah Magsi , 2015. Effect of different tillage methods on the growth, development, yield and yield components of bread wheat. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res., 6(5), 36-46.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.