Effect of sowing date on improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties growth and yield components
Paper Details
Effect of sowing date on improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties growth and yield components
Abstract
Farmers are regularly faced to climate change and variability characterised by early or late onset of rains. Late onset of rains may have damageable impact on crops yield. It is important to investigate the effect of sowing date on improved cowpea varieties selected regarding their early or medium maturity cycle. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized completed block design with three replications during rainy season of 2020 in soudanian and soudano-sahelian zones of Burkina Faso to assess the effect of two sowing date, normal and late on agro-morphological characters of four improved cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties. The results showed that in both locations, characters such harvest index, fodder yield and grain yield were statistically similar within the location for normal and late sowing date. Also, it is observed that the varieties were inherently different in term of grain yield and location had significant influence on this trait. The average grain yield at Farako-Ba was 987.03 and 1010.57 kg/ha for normal and late sowing date, the variety Komcalle, Neerwaya, Tiligre and KVx745-11P recorded 1106.99, 1085.58, 981.61 and 821.02 kg/ha grain yield, respectively. At Kamboinse, the average grain yield was 1159.96 and 1140.03 kg/ha for normal and late sowing date, the variety Komcalle, Neerwaya, Tiligre and KVx745-11P recorded 1286.36, 1207.73, 1195.06 and 910.81 kg/ha, respectively. This study pointed out that soudano-sahelian zone is more favourable to cowpea production than soudanian. Then, farmers could use improved varieties in case of late onset of rains.
Adediran OA, Ibrahim H, Daniya E, Adesina OA, Alaaya SA. 2018. Effects of Sowing Dates on the Growth and Yield of Cowpea Varieties in Minna, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Production Agricuture and Tecnology 14(2), 92–101.
Akande SR, Olakojo SA, Ajayi SA, Owolade OF, Adetumbi JA, Adeniyan ON, Ogunbodede BA. 2012. Planting Date Affectson Cowpea Seed Yield and Quality at Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Seed Technology 34(1), 51-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23433635
Ali B, Izge AU, Odo PE, Aminu D. 2009. Varietal Performance of Dual Purpose Dry Season Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 3(1), 13–18.
Atakora K, Essilfie ME, Agyarko K, Dapaah HK, Santo KG. 2023. Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Genotypes in Forest and Transitional Zones of Ghana. Agricultural Sciences 14(07), 878–897. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2023.147059
Traore B. 2014. Climate Change, Climate Variability and Adaptation Options in Smallholder Cropping Systems of Sudano-Sahel Region in West Africa. Thesis, Wageningen University 163p.
Da Silva AC, Da Costa Santos D, Junior DLT, Da Silva PB, Dos Santos RC, Siviero A. 2018. Cowpea: A Strategic Legume Species for Food Security and Health. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79006
Kiprotich MJ, Mamati E, Bikketi E. 2015. Effect of Climate Change on Cowpea Production in Mwania International Journal of Education and Research 3(2), 287–298.
Ewansiha SU, Tofa AI. 2016. Yield Response of Cowpea Varieties to Sowing Dates in a Sudan Savannah Agroecology of Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v9i1.10
FAOSTAT. 2022. Food and Agriculture Data. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
Ezeaku IE, Mbah BN, Baiyeri KP. 2015. Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). African Journal of Plant Science 9(11), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2015.1353
Ishikawa H, Batieno BJ, Fatokun C, Boukar O. 2022. A High Plant Density and the Split Application of Chemical Fertilizer Increased the Grain and Protein Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Agriculture 12, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020199
Ishikawa H, Drabo I, Muranaka S. 2013. Cowpea Field Guide for Burkina Faso. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 30p.
Kamara AY, Tofa AI, Kyei-Boahen S, Solomon R, Ajeigbe HA, Kamai N. 2018. Effects of Plant Density on the Performance of Cowpea in Nigerian Savannas. Experimental Agriculture 54(1), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000715
Kamara AY, Ellis-Jones J, Ekeleme F, Omoigui L, Amaza P, Chikoye D, Dugje IY. 2010. A Participatory Evaluation of Improved Cowpea Cultivars in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna Zones of North East Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 56(3), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340903099692
De Longueville F, Hountondji Y, Kindo I, Gemenne F, Ozer P. 2016. Long-term Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Data in Burkina Faso (1950-2013). Int. J. Climatol. 36, 4393–4405. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4640
Matoso AO, Soratto RP, Guarnieri F, Costa NR, Abrahão RC, Tirabassi, LH. 2018. Sowing Date Effects on Cowpea Cultivars as a Second Crop in Southeastern Brazil. Agronomy Journal 110(5), 1799–1812. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.01.0051
Mohammed I, Alawa DA, Mshelia JS, Betiang JA, Azu SB, Bishie-Unung SS. 2021. Effect of Climate Variation on the Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). 17(3), 456–462. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2020.14960
Molosiwa OO, Gwafila C, Makore J, Chite SM. 2016. Phenotypic Variation in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [ L .] Walp .) Germplasm Collection from Botswana. 153–163. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2016.0949
Ntare BR, Williams, JH, Bationo A. 1993. Physiological Determinants of Cowpea Seed Yield as Affected by Phosphorus Fertilizer and Sowing Dates in Intercrop With Millet. Field Crops Research 35(3), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90149-H
Nwofia GE, Ogbonna ND, Agbo CU, Mbah EU. 2015. Growth and Yield of Some Vegetable Cowpea Genotypes as Influenced by Planting Season. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 5(3), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20150503.05
Olatunji OA, Okunlola GO, Komolafe ET, Afolabi AM, Tariq A, Odeleye AA. 2016. Yield and Growth Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as Affected by Prior Heat Stress and Nutrient Addition African Journal of Agricultural Research 11(43), 4269–4276.
Omomowo OI, Babalola OO. 2021. Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability. Front. Plant Sci. 12, 751731. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.751731
Santos A, Ceccon G, Rodrigues EV, Teodoro PE, Makimo PA, Alves VB, Silva JF, Corrêa AM, Alvares RCF, Torres FE. 2015. Adaptability and Stability of Cowpea Genotypes to Brazilian Midwest. African Journal of Agricultural Research 10(41), 3901–3908. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10165
NAS. 2006. Lost Crops of Africa. The National Acaddemic Press 2, 1–351.
Shimelis H, Shiringani R. 2010. Variance Components and Heritabilities of Yield and Agronomic Traits Among Cowpea Genotypes. Euphytica 176(3), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0222-z
Toğay Y, Toğay N, Doğan Y. 2014. Effect of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Sowing Times Applications on the Yield and Yield Components. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences Special Issue 1, 1147.
Useni SY, Mayele K, Kasangij AKP, Luciens, Nyembo KL, Baboy L. 2014. Effets de la Date de Semis et des Ecartements sur la Croissance et le Rendement du Niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) à Lubumbashi, RD Congo. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 6(1), 40–47.
Xiong H, Shi A, Mou B, Qin J, Motes D, Lu W, Ma J, Weng Y, Yang W, Wu D. 2016. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). PLoS ONE 11(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160941
Soumabéré Coulibaly, Muhammad Auwal Hussaini, Idriss Sermé, Benoît-Joseph Batiéno, Shehu Usman Yahaya (2023), Effect of sowing date on improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties growth and yield components; IJB, V23, N6, December, P224-233
https://innspub.net/effect-of-sowing-date-on-improved-cowpea-vigna-unguiculata-l-walp-varieties-growth-and-yield-components/
Copyright © 2023
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0