Functional response of goldlined spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Siganidae, Perciformes) early juveniles to live zooplankton prey

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/01/2019
Views (246) Download (9)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Functional response of goldlined spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Siganidae, Perciformes) early juveniles to live zooplankton prey

Mac Euan D. Malugao, Ephrime B. Metillo, Jessie G. Gorospe
Int. J. Biosci.14( 1), 238-250, January 2019.
Certificate: IJB 2019 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

The rabbitfish Siganus guttatus is an important tropical aquaculture species, but fry production is hampered by availability of ideal live feeds. This study investigated the predatory functional response of S. guttatus early juveniles on live brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia franciscana), rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), and wild copepods. The predation experiment comprised one individual fish of different (small, medium or large) sizes, and either of the three live zooplankton prey at four to six increasing densities in a sealed 1-L plastic bottle with filtered seawater. An experiment was replicated five times, and fish and prey were kept suspended in a plankton roller. Videography and gill raker analysis were done to further understand feeding mechanism. Highest fish consumption rates were on Artemia nauplii, but only medium and large size fish showed a Holling’s type II model with peak consumption at 15 nauplii mL-1 concentration half those regularly provided to the fish in the current rearing practice. The functional response of small fish on Artemia was dome-like. Only the large size fish successfully ingested copepods and the functional response was directly proportional. Rotifers were only ingested by small fish that showed an inversely proportional response. The deviations from Holling’s models were attributed to fish size, Artemia nauplii size, highly evasive behaviour of copepods and the small size of rotifers. This study identified ideal Artemia nauplii concentration to S. guttatus early juveniles, but evasive prey behaviour of wild copepods and small size of rotifers render these prey types less ideal for early juvenile S. guttatus.

VIEWS 8

Ayson FG, Reyes OS, Jesus-Ayson D. 2014. Seed production of rabbitfish Siganus guttatus.  Aquaculture Extension Manual (Philippines) eng no. 59. http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3049

Bagarinao T. 1986. Yolk resorption, onset of feeding and survival potential of larvae of three tropical marine fish species reared in the hatchery. Marine Biology 91, 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392595

Carpenter KE, Smith-Vaniz WF. 2016. Siganus guttatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T69689777A115469859. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69689777A69690349.en

China V, Holzman R. 2014. Hydrodynamic starvation in first-feeding larval fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201323205. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323205111

Conceição LE, Yúfera M, Makridis P, Morais S,  Dinis MT. 2010. Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing. Aquaculture Research 41, 613-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02242.x

Dhont J, Dierckens K, Støttrup J, Van Stappen G, Wille M, Sorgeloos P. 2013. Rotifers, Artemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture. In Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology 157-202. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097460.1.157

Drenner RW, Strickler JR, O’Brien WJ. 1978. Capture probability: the role of zooplankter escape in the selective feeding of planktivorous fish. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 35, 1370-1373. https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-215

Duray M. 1998. Biology and culture of siganids. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.

Folt CL. 1985. Predator efficiencies and prey risks at high and low prey densities: With 4 figures and 1 table in the text. Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen 22, 3210-3214. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1983.11897861

Frost BW. 1972. Effects of size and concentration of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus1. Limnology and Oceanography 17, 805-815. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1972.17.6.0805

Fulton III RS. 1983. Interactive effects of temperature and predation on an estuarine zooplankton community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 72, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(83)90020-5

Gerritsen J, Strickler JR. 1977. Encounter probabilities and community structure in zooplankton: a mathematical model. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 34, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-008

Gorospe JN, Tubio EG, Quiñones MB, Ologuin MM, Gorospe JG. 2011. Age and reproductive potential of domesticated golden spinefoot, Siganus guttatus (Bloch) breeders. Journal of Environment and Aquatic Resources 2, 1-10.

Graeb BD, Dettmers JM, Wahl DH, Cáceres CE. 2004. Fish size and prey availability affect growth, survival, prey selection, and foraging behavior of larval yellow perch. Transactions of the American fisheries Society 133, 504-514. https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-050.1

Greene CH. 1983. Selective predation in freshwater zooplankton communities. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 68, 297-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19830680302

Greene CH, Landry MR. 1985. Patterns of prey selection in the cruising calanoid predator Euchaeta elongata. Ecology 66, 1408-1416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938003

Grice GD. 1962. Calanoid copepods from equatorial waters of the Pacific Ocean. Fisheries 1, 23.

Gulbrandsen J. 2001. Artemia swarming—mechanisms and suggested reasons. Journal of Plankton Research 23, 659-669. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/23.7.659

Hara S, Duray MN, Parazo M, Taki Y. 1986. Year-round spawning and seed production of the rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. Aquaculture 59, 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90008-6

Holling CS. 1959a. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. The Canadian Entomologist 91, 385-398. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent91385-7

Holling CS. 1959b. The components of predation as revealed by a study of small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly. The Canadian Entomologist 91, 293-320. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent91293-5

Holling CS. 1965. The functional response of predators to prey density and its role in mimicry and population regulation. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 97, 5-60. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9745fv

Houde ED, Schekter RC. 1980. Feeding by marine fish larvae: developmental and functional responses. Environmental Biology of Fishes 5, 315-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005186

Iwamoto K, Chang CW, Takemura A, Imai H. 2012. Genetically structured population and demographic history of the goldlined spinefoot Siganus guttatus in the northwestern Pacific. Fisheries Science 78, 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-011-0455-3

Kils U. 1992. The ecoSCOPE and dynIMAGE: microscale tools for in situ studies of predator-prey interactions. Ergebnisse der Limnologie= Advances in Limnology 36, 83-96. http://www.ecoscope.com/ecos_t_1.htm

Kohno H, Hara S, Gallego AB, Duray MN, Taki Y. 1986. Morphological development of the swimming and feeding apparatus in larval rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. In In: Maclean, JL, Dizon, LB, Hosillos, LV (eds.). The First Asian Fisheries Forum. Proceedings of the First Asian Fisheries Forum, 26-31 May 1986, Manila, Philippines. Manila, Philippines: Asian Fisheries Society 173-178. http://hdl.handle.net/10862/266

Lam TJ. 1974. Siganids: their biology and mariculture potential. Aquaculture 3, 325-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(74)90001-5

Lucas JS, Southgate PC. (eds.) 2012. Aquaculture: Farming aquatic animals and plants. John Wiley and Sons, 438.

Malugao MED, Metillo EB, Campos WL. 2015. Estimating copepod and naupliar production rates in the Bohol Sea using a rotisserie-inspired plankton wheel. Philippine Scientist 52, 73-88.

Metillo EB. 2012. Species of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) from Northern Mindanao nearshore waters. The Mindanao Forum 25, 1-68.

Metillo EB, Cadelinia EE, Hayashizaki KI, Tsunoda T, Nishida S. 2016. Feeding ecology of two sympatric species of Acetes (Decapoda: Sergestidae) in Panguil Bay, the Philippines. Marine and Freshwater Research 67, 1420-1433. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15001

Mullin MM. 1963. Some factors affecting the feeding of marine copepods of the genus Calanus1. Limnology and Oceanography 8, 239-250. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1963.8.2.0239

Mulyadi. 2004. Calanoid copepods in Indonesian waters, with notes on their species-groups. Crustaceana 76, 385-402.

Ohman MD. 1988. Behavioral responses of zooplankton to predation. Bulletin of Marine Science 43, 530-550.

Omori M, Ikeda T. 1984. Methods in marine zooplankton ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 173-209.

Østergaard P, Munk P, Janekarn V. 2005. Contrasting feeding patterns among species of fish larvae from the tropical Andaman Sea. Marine Biology 146, 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1458-8

Rao TR. 2003. Ecological and ethological perspectives in larval fish feeding. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 13, 145-178. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v13n01_06

Razouls C, De Bovée F, Kouwenberg J, Desreumaux N. 2015. Diversity and geographic distribution of marine planktonic copepods. Retrieved from https://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/

Rigler FH. 1961. The relation between concentration of food and feeding rate of Daphnia magna Straus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39, 857-868. https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-080

Rothschild BJ, Osborn TR. 1988. Small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates. Journal of Plankton Research 10, 465-474. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/10.3.465

Sameoto D, Wiebe PH, Runge J, Postel L, Dunn J, Miller C, Coombs S. 2000. Collecting zooplankton. In: Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal HR, Huntley M (eds.). ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 55–81.

Scott A. 1909. The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I. Free-swimming, littoral and semi-parasitic Copepoda. Siboga-Expedition 29a, 1-323, pls. 1-63.

SPSS. 2002. SPSS for Windows version 11. (SPSS Inc.: Chicago, IL.).

Tanaka O. 1960. Biological results of the Japanese Antarctic research expedition 10. Pelagic copepoda. Special Publication from the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 1-177.

Wilson CB. 1942. The copepods of the plankton gathered during the last cruise of the Carnegie. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 536, 43.

Wilson CB. 1950. Copepods gathered by United States Fisheries Steamer” Albatross” from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of United States National Museum 14, 141-441.

Yen J. 1982. Sources of variability in attack rates of Euchaeta elongata Esterly, a carnivorous marine copepod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 63, 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(82)90025-9

Yen J. 1983. Effects of prey concentration, prey size, predator life stage, predator starvation, and season on predation rates of the carnivorous copepod Euchaeta elongata. Marine Biology 75, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392632

Zar JH. 1984. Biostatistical analysis.2nd. Prentice Hall, USA.