In vitro management of citrus melanose caused by Phomopsis citri through commercially available fungicides
Paper Details
In vitro management of citrus melanose caused by Phomopsis citri through commercially available fungicides
Abstract
Citrus melanose, caused by Phomopsis citri is a serious disease that can affect trees at any age. Symptoms include small, dark brown to black colored spots on the fruit, leaves and twigs. Though it does not affect internal fruit quality but market value of the citrus is reduced to a great extent. Samples were collected from an orchard of District Toba Tek Singh, Punjab during March-April 2018 and P. citri (PPS-114) was isolated and maintained. Five fungicides (i.e., Amistar Top 325 SC, Emesto Silver 240 FS %, Kocide® 3000, Nativo 75% WG and Score 250 EC) were tested using poison food technique each with 100, 200 and 300 PPM concentrations. Data was recorded on the basis of colony diameter and percent inhibition of mycelial growth. Results indicated that all the tested fungicides had significant antifungal potential against the test fungus and their inhibition is concentration dependent. Among the tested fungicides, Kocide exhibited 100 percent growth inhibition at the highest tested concentration i.e., 300 ppm followed by Nativo which was accounted for 94 per cent reduction of mycelial growth over control. Score and Emesto silver showed 84 and 82 percent growth inhibition respectively. The least growth inhibition over control was observed with Amistar top i,e., 74 percent. It was concluded that Kocide® 3000 is best for in vitro management of P. citri.
Albrigo LG, Beck HW, Timmer LW, Stover E. 2005. Development and testing of a recommendation system to schedule copper sprays for citrus disease control. Journal of ASTM international 9(2), 1-12. Online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JAI 12904.
Baldwin BC, Clough JM, Godfrey CRA, Godwin JR, Wiggins TE. 1996. The discovery and mode of action of ICI A5504. Pages 69-77 in: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds. H. Lyr, P. E. Russell, and HD. Sister, eds. Intercept, Andover, Hants, UK.
Bushong PM, Timmer LW. 2000. Evaluation of postinfection control of citrus scab and melanose with benomyl, fenbuconazole, and azoxystrobin. Plant Disease 84, 1246-1249.
Dewdney MM, Timmer LW. 2011. This document is PP-145, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Date printed: December 1995. Date revised: November 2010. This publication is included in SP-43, 2011 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide. For a copy of this guide, request information on its purchase at your county extension office. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
Gopal K, Mukunda Lakshmi L, Sarada G, Nagalakshmi T, Gouri Sankar T, Gopi V, Ramana KTV. 2014. Citrus Melanose (Diaporthe citri Wolf): A Review, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 3(4), 113-124.
Gupta SK, Tripathi SC. 2011. Fungitoxic activity of Solanum torvum against Fusarium sacchari. Plant protection Science 47(3), 83-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-PPS.
Knapp JL, ed. 2000. 2000 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide. Univ. Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Publ. No. SP-43.
Mondal SN, Vicent A, Reis RF, Timmer LW. 2007. Efficacy of pre and post inoculation application of fungicides to expanding young citrus leaves for control of melanose, scab, and Alternaria brown spot. Plant Disease 91, 1600-1606.
Schwabe WFS, Jones AL, Jonker JP. 1984. Greenhouse evaluation of curative and protective action of sterol-inhibiting fungicides against apple scab. Phytopathology 74, 249-252.
Whiteside JO. 1977. Sites of action of fungicides in the control of citrus melanose. Phytopathology 67, 1067-1072.
Yang C, Hamel C, Vujanovic V and Gan Y. 2011. Fungicide: modes of action and possible impact on nontarget microorganisms. International Scholary Research Notices Ecology 2011, Article ID 130289, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/130289
Ypema HL, Gold RE. 1999. Kresoxim-methyl: Modification of a naturally occurring compound to produce a new fungicide. Plant Disease 83, 4-17.
Zitko SE and Timmer LW. 1997. Evaluation of fungicides for control of citrus scab and melanose on grapefruit. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 53, 490.
Muhammad Iqbal, Sumera Naz, Saira Mehboob, Muhammad Idrees, 2019. In vitro management of citrus melanose caused by Phomopsis citri through commercially available fungicides. Int. J. Biosci., 14(6), 179-193.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.