home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from Goats and Sheep of the Khuzdar district of Balochistan, Pakistan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/11/2016
Views (345) Download (9)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from Goats and Sheep of the Khuzdar district of Balochistan, Pakistan

Ajaz-ul-Haq, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Imran Taj, Sana Arif, Ashfaq Ahmed, Ghulam Muhammad, Zaheer Ahmed, Zahoor Ahmed, Farhat Abbas, Abdul Samad
Int. J. Biosci.9( 5), 156-162, November 2016.
Certificate: IJB 2016 [Generate Certificate]
Key: BalochistanClostridium PerfringensGoatsKhuzdarSheep

Abstract

In present study, causal agent of necrotic enteritis (NE) in goats and sheep of Khuzdar district, Balochistan was isolated. Total 200 samples were collected out of that 66.5 % were positive for Clostridium Perfringens while 33.5 % were negative. The area wise distribution of positive cases between Khuzdar 8 %, Wadh 18 %, Nall 16 %, Zehri 13.5 % and Mulla was 11%. Tehsil Wadh was highly infected in district. Whereas sheep and goats wise results showed that sheep (40.5 %) was more affected with enterotoxaemia as compared to goats (26 %). Where sex wise ratio among positive cases has been 28.5 % males (sheep 16 % and 12.5 %) and females 38 % (sheep 23 % and goats 15 %). However, age wise distributed was 8 % in one month, 18.5 % in six months, 32 % in one year, and 7.5 % in two years. C. Perfringens was confirmed through gram staining using different biochemical tests (IMVIC, Sugar fermentation, Catalase, Oxidase, Gelatin, Litmus milk and Lecithinase) and electron microscopically. Under electron  microscope C. perfringens was 1.3-1 9.0µm in length and width 0.6-2.4µm. Different drugs result showed that C. Perfringens was sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Amoxycillin, Metronidazole, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Penicillin G while resistant to Polypeptides, Glycopeptides, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporin’s, Lincosamides, Macrolides and Sulfonamides. The animal trial was carried out to check the effect of C. Perfringens in different organ. The C. Perfringens affected the intestine, liver, kidney, central nerves system and gall bladder of the mice.

VIEWS 14
Cover PDF

Abildgaard L, Engberg RM, Pedersen K, Schramm A, Hojberg O.   2009.  Sequence variation in the alpha-toxin encoding plc gene of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diseased and healthy chickens. Veterinary Microbiology 136, 293-299.

Anders, J. 2006. Clostridium perfringens the causal agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. Acta Universitatis Agriculture Sueciae 34, 1652-6880.

Chandran D, Naidu SS, Sugumar P, Rani GS, Vijayan SP, Mathur D, Garg LC, Srinivasan VA. 2010. Development of a recombinant epsilon toxoid vaccine against enterotoxemia and its use as a combination vaccine with live attenuated sheep pox virus against enterotoxemia and sheep pox. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, 1013-1016.

Das A, Adarsh J. 2012. Clostridium perfringens type a from fresh water fishes. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research 3(3), 680-687.

Fayez MM, Musallam A, Marzoog Al, Suleiman MB. 2013. Prevalence and toxinotyping of the toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in sheep with suspected enterotoxemia. Natural Science 11(8), 15-21.

Fisher DJ, Mariano E, Fernandez M, Sameera S, Rachael P, Victoria A, Julian IR, Francisc AU, Bruce AM. 2006. Dissecting the C. perfringens type C toxin to lethality in the mouse intravenous injection model. American environmental microbiology 74(9), 5200-5210.

Francisco AU, Juliann S, Sameera SJE, Vidal Derek JF, Rachael P, Vicki A, Mariano EFM, Julian IR, Bruce AMC. 2009. Development and Application of New Mouse Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens Type C Enterotoxaemia. American Society for Microbiology 77(12), 5291-5299.

Gad W, Hauck R, Krüger M, Hafez HM. 2011. Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in commercial turkey and layer flocks Opengart. Journal Archiv Fur Geflügelk 75(2), 74-79.

Greco G, Madio A, Buonavoglia D, Totaro M, Corrente M, Martella V, Buonavoglia CC. 2005. Clostridium perfringens toxin-types in lambs and kids affected with gastro enteric pathologies in Italy. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 170, 346-350.

Hafez HM. 2010. Enteric diseases with special attention to Clostridium perfringens. World Poultry 26, 26-29.

Javed S, Majed R, Mohammad MT, Muhammad AA, Nadeem R, Mumtaz A. 2012. Study on in-vitro biochemical growth characterization and assessment of hemolytic Toxin of Clostridium perfringens Type B and D. Pakistan Journal Zoology 44(6), 1575-1580.

Miah MS, Asaduzzaman M, Sufian MA, Hossain MM. 2011. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens, Causal agents of necrotic enteritis in chickens. Journal Bangladesh Agriculture University 9(1), 97-102.

Osman KM, Elhariri M. 2013. Antibiotic resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates from broiler chickens in Egypt. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 32(3), 1-19.

Ossiprandi MC, Laura Z. 2013. Molecular evaluation of the enterotoxigenicity of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens swine isolates by PCR Assays. Advance in Microbiology Journal 3(2), 154-159.

Pakistan Bureau of statistics, 2006. Livestock population and domestic poultry birds by administrative unit Balochistan, Pakistan Livestock Census.

Phukan A, Dutta GN, Daube G, Das BC. 1997. Characterization of Cl. Perfringens isolated from goats. Indian Veterinary Journal 74, 915-18.

Songer JG. 1996. Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, 216-234.

Wang G, Zhang ZJ, Fuying Z, Guozhen L, Xiaoan C, Xiaowei G, Changqing Q. 2011. Detection of different genotypes of Clostridium perfringens in feces of healthy dairy cattle from china using real-time duplex PCR assay. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 31, 120-124.

Submit Manuscript