home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Karachi Harbour and off-Clifton Coast, Karachi: spatial distribution, composition and ecological risk assessment

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/10/2017
Views (299) Download (22)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Karachi Harbour and off-Clifton Coast, Karachi: spatial distribution, composition and ecological risk assessment

Monawwar Saleem, Arshad Ali Khan, Kashif Ahmed, Muhammad Qamaruddin, Sanober Kahkashan, Syed Imran Hasany, Javed Aftab
J. Bio. Env. Sci.11( 4), 25-36, October 2017.
Certificate: JBES 2017 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Clifton coastEcological Risk AssessmentKarachi HarbourPoly aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs)Sediment quality

Abstract

We reported the distributions and compositions of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of 13 surface sediment samples of the Karachi Harbour and off-Clifton coast. The total concentrations of the PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 6.47 to 104.462 ng/g dry weights with a mean concentration 27.519 ng/g dry weights. PAHs distribution showed that 2-3- and 4-ring PAHs were predominant in almost all of the samples. On average, 2-3, 4, and 5-6-ring PAHs consisted of 56 %, 42 % and 2% of total PAHs, respectively. The m-ERM-q and Risk Quotient (RQ) were also used to assess the ecological risk of PAHs. The m-ERM-q average values were 0.61 and 0.14 in Karachi Harbour and off-Clifton coast respectively. The value of m-ERM-q indicates that PAHs concentrations are approximately 9-21% and with 30-46% probability of toxicity to benthic organisms of off-Clifton coast and Karachi Harbour respectively. Risk Quotient RQ ΣPAHs (NCs) calculated values were in a range from 5,301 to 32,810.The present study results show that the ecological risk of PAHs in the sediments of Karachi Harbour were very high but there was relatively lower risk in off-Clifton coast sediments. The purpose of this study was to determine the ecological risk of PAHs in marine environment of the Karachi harbor and off-Clifton coastal sediments.

VIEWS 13
Cover PDF

Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. 2004. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain Environmental Pollution. 132, 1–11.

Eisler R.2000. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment, Vol.2, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, Chap. 25.

Neff JM. 1985. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, Rand, G. M.and Petrocilli, S. R., Eds., Hemisphere, New York, Chap. 14.

GrimmerG.1983. In Environmental Carcinogens: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Grimmer, G., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Chap. 2.

McElroy AE, Farrington JW, Teal JM.1989. Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment, in Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment,  Varanasi, D., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Chap. 1.

Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA). 2005. Assessment of the impact of Tasman Spirit Oil-spill along Karachi coast. 261 P.

Monawwar S, Tabraz AR, Rizvi SHN. 2004. Natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) phase-1: “SEDIMENT STUDY” Tasman spirit oil-spill:  Short term impact assessment. 82 P.

Sanober K, Xinghong W, Chen , Miaolei Y, Yizhi C,  Monawwar S, Javed A. 2015. Evaluation of marine sediments contaminated by Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along the Karachi coast, Pakistan after Tasman Spirit oil spill. Poster Presentation on Second Xiamen Symposium on Marine Environmental Sciences, 7-9 Jan, Xiamen University-China.

Siddiqi HA, Munshi AB. 2014. Tasman Spirit Oil Spill at Karachi Coast, Pakistan, in Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology (Ed M. Fingas), John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

Baumard P, Budzinski H, Garrigues P.1998. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Toxicology andChemistry.17: 765–776.

Wang XC, Zhang YX, Chen RF. 2001.Distribution and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)in different size fractions in sediments from Boston Harbor, United States. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42, 1139–1149.

Notar M, Leskovšek Hand Faganeli J. 2001.Composition, distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42, 36–44.

Chen CF, Chen CW, Dong CD, Kao CM. 2013.Assessment of toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 1174–1181

Casado-Martinez MC, Buceta JL, Belzunce MJ, DelValls T. 2006.Using sediment quality guidelines for dredged material management in commercial ports from Spain. Environment International 32, 388–396.

Oen AM, Cornelissen G, Breedveld GD. 2006. Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of Norwegian harbor sediments. Environmental Pollution 141, 370–380.

Salvo V, Gallizia I, Moreno M, Fabiano M. 2005.Fungal communities in PAH-impacted sediments of Genoa-Voltri Harbour (NW Mediterranean, Italy).Marine Pollution Bulletin. 50, 553–559.

Fang MD, Lee CL, Yu CS. 2003.  Distribution and source recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Hsin-ta Harbour and adjacent coastal areas, Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 46, 941–953.

Pereira WE, Hostettler FD, Luoma SN, van Geen A, Fuller CC, Anima RJ. 1999. Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California. Marine Chemistry 64, 99–113.

Kim GB, Maruya KA, Lee RF, Lee JH, Koh CH, Tanabe S. 1999.  Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Kyeonggi Bay, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38, 7–15.

Hong H, Xu L, Zhang L, Chen J, Wong, Y. & Wan T. 1995. Special guest paper: environmental fate and chemistry of organic pollutants in the sediment of Xiamen and Victoria Harbours. Marine Pollution Bulletin 31, 229–236.

Soclo HH, Garrigues P, Ewald M.2000. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France)areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 40, 387–396.

Guinan J, Charlesworth M, Service M, Oliver T. 2001. Sources and geochemical constraints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of two Northern Irish sea-loughs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, 1073–1081.

Magi E, Bianco R, Ianni C, Carro MD. 2002. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Adriatic Sea. Environmental Pollution. 119, 91–8.

Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Vingarzan R, Mitchell RH, Goyette D, Sylvestre S. 2002. PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry 33, 489–515.

Fang MD, Hsieh PC, Ko FC, Baker JE, Lee CL. 2007. Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Kaoping River and Submarine Canyon system. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 1179–1189.

Jiang JJ, Lee CL, Fang MD, Liu JT. 2009. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of southwest Taiwan: an appraisal of diagnostic ratios in source recognition. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 752–760.

Chen CW, Chen CF. 2011. Distribution, origin, and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin 63, 417–423.

De Luca G, Furesi A, Micera G, Panzanelli A, Piu PC, Pilo MI. 2005.Nature, distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of Olbia Harbor (Northern Sardinia, Italy).Marine Pollution Bulletin.50, 1223–1232.

Long ER, Field LJ, MacDonald DD.1998.Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.17:714–727.

Long ER, MacDonald DD, Severn CG, Hong CB.2000. Classifying probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry19, 2598–2601.

Peijnenburg W, de Groot A, Jager T, Posthuma L. 2005. Short term ecological risks of depositing contaminated sediment on arable soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.60,1-14.

Wu B, Zhang R, Chen SP, Ford T, Li AM, Zhang XX. 2011. Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology20, 1124-1130.

Kalf DF, Crommentuijn T, Van de Plassche, EJ. 1997. Environmental quality objectives for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety36, 89–97.

Li P, Cao J, Diao X, Wang B, Zhou H, Han Q, Zheng P, Li Y. 2015. Spatial distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface seawater from Yangpu Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin.93,53–60.

Cao Z., Liu J, Luan Y, Li Y, Ma M, Xu J, Han S. 2010. Distribution and ecosystem risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Luan River, China. Ecotoxicology19,827–837.

Dhananjayan V, Muralidharan S, Vinny R Peter. 2012. Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment Collected along the Harbour Line, Mumbai, India. International Journal of Oceanography, 403615.

Submit Manuscript