Potential of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
Paper Details
Potential of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
Abstract
Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) is the most devastating threat to the world citrus industry. A greenhouse and field trail were conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin were tested against Xac by injection technique under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Three concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2 %) after 10, 20, and 30 days were tested. Out of these treatments, combination of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (14.51 %) followed by Levofloxacin 17.48 %, Ciprofloxacin (21.66 %), in greenhouse respectively. In interaction between treatments and concentrations, combination of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin expressed minimum disease incidence (10.44 %) at 2 % and 9.278 % after 30 days of inoculation in the interaction between treatments and days. In field study, combination of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (17.51 %) followed by Levofloxacin 20.48 %, Ciprofloxacin (24.09 %), and control (64.00 %) respectively. Interaction between treatments and concentrations, combination of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin expressed minimum disease incidence (13.44 %) at 2 % while in interaction between treatments and days, this combination showed (12.27 %) disease incidence followed by Levofloxacin 15.27 % and Ciprofloxacin 17.22 % and control 69.11 % after 30 days of inoculation. In conclusion, combination of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin expressed best results at concentration of 2 % after 30 days of inoculation.
Christiano RSC, Reilly CC, Miller WP, Scherm H. 2010. Oxytetracycline dynamics on peach leaves in relation to temperature, sunlight, and simulated rain. Plant Disease 94, 1213-1218.
Deng ZN, Xu L, Li DZ, Long GY, Liu LP, Fang F, Shu GP. 2009. Screening citrus genotypes for resistance to canker disease (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri). Plant Breeding 129, 341-345.
Erasmus JH, Cook PA, Coyne VE. 1997. The role of bacteria in the digestion of seaweed by the abalone H. midae. Aquaculture 155, 377-386.
Fitt WK, Heslinga GH, Watson TC. 1992. Use of antibiotics in the maricultural of giant clams (F. Tridacnidae). Aquaculture 104, 1-10.
Francis MI, Peña A, Graham JH. 2010. Detached leaf inoculation of germplasm for rapid screening of resistance to citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot. European journal of plant pathology 127(4), 571-578.
Gnanamanickam SS, Priyadarisini VB, Narayanan NN, Vasudevan P, Kavitha S. 1999. An overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies for its management. Current Science 77(11), 1435-1444.
Gottwald TR, Sun X, Riley T, Graham JH, Ferrandino F, Taylor EL. 2002. Geo-Referenced Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Urban Citrus Canker Epidemic in Florida. Phytopathology 92, 361-377.
Graham JH, Gottwald TR, Cubero J, Achor DS. 2004. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: factors affecting successful eradication of citrus canker. Molecular plant pathology 5(1), 1-15.
Heinlaan M, Ivask A, Blinova I, Dubourguier HC, Kahru A. 2008. Toxicity of nano sized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Chemosphere 71, 1308-1316.
Hemraj V, Diksha S, Avneet G. 2013. A review on commonly used biochemical test for bacteria. Innovare Journal of Life Sciences 1, 1-7.
Husak VV. 2015. Copper and copper-containing pesticides: metabolism, toxicity an oxidative stress. Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, 39-51.
Islam MA, Mazumdar RM, Islam S, Alam MJ, Urmee SA. 2014. Isolation, identification and in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern of citrus canker causing organism Xanthomonas axonopodis. Advances in life sciences 1(4), 215-222.
Jones AL, Schnabel EL. 2000. The development of streptomycin-resistant strains of Erwinia amylovora. In Fire blight: the disease and its causative agent, Erwinia amylovora (J. Vanneste, ed.). CAB International, Wallingford UK, 235–251.
Memon NA. 2017. Citrus fruit (kino): Punjab produced 98% of production. Pakistan Bureau of statistics 2016-2017.
Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. 2013. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 268, 157-177.
Mubeen M, Arshad H, Iftikhar Y, IrfanUllah M, Bilqees I. 2015. Bio-chemical characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: a gram-negative bacterium causing citrus canker. International Journal of Science and Nature 6, 151-154.
Nandakumar R, Shahjahan AKM, Yuan XL, Dickstein ER, Groth DE, Clark AC, Cartwright RD, Rush MC. 2009. Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli cause bacterial panicle blight in rice in the southern United States. Plant Disease 93, 896–905.
Rehman A, Imran M, Mehboob S, Nasir AK, Riaz K. 2015. Etiology Pathogenicity and Management of Collar Rot in Cockscomb (Celosia argentea). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 17(1).
Riaz K, Elmerich C, Raffoux A, Moreira D, Dessaux Y, Faure D. 2008. Metagenomics revealed a quorum quenching lactonase QlcA from yet unculturable soil bacteria. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences 73, 3-6.
Ruangpan L, Tendencia EA. 2004. Laboratory manual of standardized methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests for bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and environment. Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Wali S, Munir F, Mahmood T. 2013. Phylogenetic studies of selected Citrus species based on chloroplast gene, rps14. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 15, 357-361.
Ware M. 2015. Oranges: Health benefits, nutritional information.
Zhang W, Jiang F, Ou J. 2011. Global pesticide consumption and pollution: with China as a focus. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 1, 125.
Akhtar Hameed, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Zaheer Ahmed, Muhammad Waqar Alam, Sohaib Sarfraz, Nadia Liaqat, Muhammad Imran, Kaneez Fatima (2021), Potential of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; IJB, V18, N6, June, P72-81
https://innspub.net/potential-of-levofloxacin-and-ciprofloxacin-against-citrus-canker-caused-by-xanthomonas-axonopodis-pv-citri/
Copyright © 2021
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0