The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus among hospitalized patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iligan City, Philippines
Paper Details
The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus among hospitalized patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iligan City, Philippines
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is harboured in the nares of 20-30% of healthy people. However, it is also recognized as a pathogen in human disease and is a common cause of healthcare associated infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the nasal carriage rate of both Staphylococus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci of 112 paediatric and adult ward patients of a public tertiary hospital in Iligan City, Philippines. Clinical samples were used to isolate, characterize and identify S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci using standard microbiological protocols. The screening for nasal carriage of S. aureus and CoNS revealed the presence of S. aureus in 84% of the patient volunteers and 34% had CoNS. It was further observed that the females of the study population harboured higher numbers of S. aureus and CoNS than the males. This trend of staphylococcal colonization was detected in both the paediatric and adult populace. Predisposing factors to staphylococcal colonization among the paediatric patients were assessed and it was observed that there was a significant association between staphylococcal colonization and antibiotic use (p=0.028). However, there was no identified variable that was found to be statistically association with the colonization of staphylococcal isolates amongst the adult patients. This study is one of the very few in the Philippines and the high prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage rates highlights the significant need for regular S. aureus screening, interventions and decolonization strategies.
Boncompain CA, Suárez CA, Morbidoni HR. 2017. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in health care workers: First report from a major public hospital in Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 49(2), 125-131 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2016.12.007
Hawkins G, Stewart S, Blatchford O, Reilly J. Should health-care workers be screened routinely for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? A review of the evidence. 2011. Journal of Hospital Infections 77, 2859.
Kokai-Kun, JF, Walsh, SM, Chanturiya, T, Mond JJ. 2003. Lysostaphin cream eradicates Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in a cotton rat model. Antimicrobial Agents of Chemotherapy 47, 1589–1597.
Kuehnert MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Hill HA, McQuillan G, McAllister SK, Fosheim G, McDougal LK, Chaitram J, Jensen B, Fridkin SK, Killgore G, Tenover FC. 2006. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in the United States, 2001-2002. Journal of Infectious Disease 193(2), 172-9.
Ontengco DC, Baltazar LA, Santiago RS, Matias RR, Isaac CA, Tuazon AO. 2004. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Filipino Patients (1999-2003).
Perera G, Hay R. 2005. A guide to antibiotic resistance in bacterial skin infections. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19(5), 531-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14683083.2005.01296.x
Rongharpi SR, Hazarika NK, Kalita H. 2013. The Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Assam with Special Reference to MRSA. Journal of Diagnostic and Clinical Research. 7(2), 257–260 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/4320.2741
Toltzis, P. 2013. 116 – Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Fourth Edition): 689–695.e6
Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, van Leeuwen W, van BelkumA, Verbrugh HA, Nouwen JL. 2005. The role of nasal carriage in.Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infectious Diseases 5, 751-62.
Young BC, VotintsevaAA, Foster D, Godwin H, Miller RR,Anson LW, Walker AS, Peto TEA, Crook DW, Knox K. 2017. Multi-site and nasal swabbing for carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: what does a single nose swab predict? The Journal of Hospital Infection 96(3), 232–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.01.015
Muriel Faith A. Goles, Lucilyn L. Maratas, 2018. The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus among hospitalized patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iligan City, Philippines. Int. J. Biosci., 13(1), 242-246.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.