Occurrence level of urban and peri-urban farming activities across major network links of Nairobi County, Kenya
Paper Details
Occurrence level of urban and peri-urban farming activities across major network links of Nairobi County, Kenya
Abstract
Urban and peri-urban agriculture can play a crucial role in the economy, social and dietary life of urban dwellers. The city of Nairobi is going through urbanization challenges including provision of food, especially in slum areas where majority of urban poor lives. Reliable data on extent of urban/peri-urban areas being used for farming in Nairobi County, spatial distribution of such areas, type of crops, animals and proximity to market places are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine occurrence level of farming activities across four major network links of Nairobi County. Purposive sampling was applied in selecting four major network links (road transects). Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to farmers through face-to-face interviews. Data was collected on socio-economic characteristics, agricultural enterprises and consumption patterns. Data was analyzed at 5% level of significance, using descriptive statistics and chi-square test was performed. Farming activities generally increased with an increase in distance from the city center towards the Nairobi outskirts along three road transects. Crops only (90%) was the main farming enterprise practiced. More occurrences of farming activities were on Mombasa (33%) followed closely by Ngong (26%) and Thika superhighway (25%) road transects. Least farming activities were observed on Waiyaki way transect (16%). Fruits (27%) and vegetables (19%) topped the crop produce grown while poultry (38.5%) and cattle (34.6%) were the most reared livestock. These research findings will supplement to Nairobi City planners’ decision making process concerning urban and peri-urban agriculture in regard to land use allocation.
Adam AG. 2020. Understanding competing and conflicting interests for peri-urban land in Ethiopia’s era of urbanization. Environment and Urbanization 32(1), 55-68.
Agarwal HP, Sinha R. 2017. Urban Farming-A Sustainable Model for Indian Cities. International Journal on Emerging Technologies 8(1), 236-242.
Alarcon P, Fèvre EM, Muinde P, Murungi MK, Kiambi S, Akoko J, Rushton J. 2017. Urban livestock keeping in the city of Nairobi: diversity of production systems, supply chains, and their disease management and risks. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 4, 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets. 2017.
Ayambire RA, Amponsah O, Peprah C, Takyi SA. 2019. A review of practices for sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture: Implications for land use planning in rapidly urbanising Ghanaian cities. Land use policy 84, 260-277.
Battersby J, Hunter-Adams J. 2020. No looking back: [Food] ways forward for healthy African Cities in light of climate change. Journal of Urban Health 97, 226-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-029-7
Blekking J, Waldman K, Tuholske C, Evans T. 2020. Formal/informal employment and urban food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Applied Geography 114,102-131.
Bricas N, Soulard CT, Arnal C. 2019. Reconciling sustainability issues and urban policy levers. In: Brand C, Bricas N, Conare D, Daviron B, Debru J, Michel L, Soulard CT, Eds. Designing urban food policies: urban agriculture, Cham, Switzerland: Springer p.107-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-
Conceição P, Levine S, Lipton M, Warren-Rodríguez A. 2016. Toward a food secure future: Ensuring food security for sustainable human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy 60, 1-9.
Dominati EJ, Maseyk FJ, Mackay AD, Rendel JM. 2019. Farming in a changing environment: Increasing biodiversity on farm for the supply of multiple ecosystem services. Science of the Total Environment 662, 703-713.
Foeken D, Mwangi AM. 2000. Increasing food security through urban farming in Nairobi. Population (million) 30, 2-10.
Githugunyi DK. 2014. An Assessment of the Contribution of Urban Agriculture to Households’ Livelihoods in Roysambu Ward, Nairobi County. Doctoral dissertation, Masters’ Thesis Kenyatta University. Kenya.
Halliday J, Mendes W. 2019. Cities’ strategies for sustainable food and the levers they mobilize. In: Brand C, Bricas N, Conare D, Daviron B, Debru J, Michel L, Soulard CT, Eds. Designing urban food policies: urban agriculture, Cham, Switzerland: Springer p.53-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3
Khandpur N, Cediel G, Obando DA, Jaime PC, Parra DC. 2020. Socio-demographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Revista de Saúde Pública, 54, 19. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.202005401176
KNBS (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics). 2010. The 2009 Kenya population and housing census. Nairobi: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. www.knbs.or.ke
KNBS. 2020. The 2019 Kenya population and housing census. Nairobi: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. www.knbs.or.ke
Lee-Smith D. 2013. Which way for UPA in Africa? City 17(1), 69-84. DOI: 10.1080/13604813.2012.7177
Liang L, Ridoutt BG, Wu W, Lal R, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao G. 2019. A multi-indicator assessment of peri-urban agricultural production in Beijing, China. Ecological Indicators 97, 350-362.
Lucci P, Bhatkal T, Khan A. 2018. Are we underestimating urban poverty? World Development 103(C), 297-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.ddev.
Martellozzo F, Amato F, Murgante B, Clarke KC. 2018. Modelling the impact of urban growth on agriculture and natural land in Italy to 2030. Applied Geography 91, 156-167.
Mumenthaler C, Schweizer R, Cavin JS. 2020. Food sovereignty: a Nirvana concept for Swiss urban agriculture. In: Thornton, A. Ed. Urban food democracy and governance in North and South. International Political Economy Series, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan p. 87-100. https:// doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-030-17187-2_6
Mutisya E, Yarime M. 2011. Understanding the grassroots dynamics of slums in Nairobi: the dilemma of Kibera informal settlements. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, and Applied Sciences and Technologies 2(2), 197-213.
Mwangi JK, Crewett W. 2019. The impact of irrigation on small-scale African indigenous vegetable growers’ market access in peri-urban Kenya. Agricultural Water Management 212, 295-305.
Mwaura MN, Mukoya-Wangia S, Origa JO, Mbatia OLE. 2019. Characteristics of urban and peri-urban agriculture farmers and resources in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 4(3), 30.
Ogega OM, Wanjohi HN, Mbugua J. 2019. Exploring the future of Nairobi National Park in a changing climate and urban growth. In: Cobbinah P, Addaney M. Eds. The geography of climate change adaptation in urban Africa, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan pp. 249-272. https://doi.org /10.1007/978-3-030-04873-0_9
Ogendi MN, Mukundi JB, Orege OM. 2019. Type and distribution of urban and peri-urban agriculture production technologies in Nairobi County, Kenya. Africa Journal of Horticultural Sciences 16, 1-12.
Onono JO, Alarcon P, Karani M, Muinde P, Akoko JM, Maud C, Rushton J. 2018. Identification of production challenges and benefits using value chain mapping of egg food systems in Nairobi, Kenya. Agricultural systems 159, 1-8.
Owuor S. 2019. Urbanisation and household food security in Nairobi, Kenya. Sustainable Development in Africa: Case Studies p. 171-280.
Rateng J. 2019. Development of a web based spatial information system for non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Recasens X, Alfranca O, Maldonado L. 2016. The adaptation of urban farms to cities: The case of the Alella wine region within the Barcelona Metropolitan Region. Land Use Policy 56, 158-168.
Revi A, Rosenzweig C. 2013. The urban opportunity: enabling transformative and sustainable development. Background paper for the high-level panel of eminent persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Prepared by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network-Thematic Group on Sustainable Cities.
Robineau O, Dugué P. 2018. A socio-geographical approach to the diversity of urban agriculture in a West African city. Landscape and Urban Planning 170, 48-58.
Rudolph M, Kroll F. 2016. The State of food insecurity in Johannesburg (No. 12). Southern African Migration Programme.
Ruel MT, Garrett J, Yosef S, Olivier M. 2017b. Urbanization, food security and nutrition. In: de Pee S, Taren D, Bloem M. Eds. Nutrition and health in a developing world. Nutrition and health, Cham, Switzerland: Humana Press p. 705-735.
Ruel MT, Garrett JL, Yosef S. 2017a. Food security and nutrition: growing cities, new challenges. IFPRI book chapters, in: 2017 Global Food Policy Report, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 3, p.24-33.
Satterthwaite D, McGranahan G, Tacoli C. 2010. Urbanization and its implications for food and farming. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365(1554), 2809-2820.
Shifa M, Leibbrandt M. 2017. Urban poverty and inequality in Kenya. Urban Forum 28(4), 363-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9317-0
Smidt SJ, Tayyebi A, Kendall AD, Pijanowski BC, Hyndman DW. 2018. Agricultural implications of providing soil-based constraints on urban expansion: land use forecasts to 2050. Journal of Environmental Management 217, 677-689.
Stewart R, Korth M, Langer L, Rafferty S, Da Silva NR, van Rooyen C. 2013. What are the impacts of urban agriculture programs on food security in low and middle-income countries? Environmental Evidence 2(1), 1-13.
Sturiale L, Scuderi A, Timpanaro G, Foti VT, Stella G. 2020. Social and inclusive “value” generation in metropolitan area with the “urban gardens” planning. In: Mondini G, Oppio A, Stanghellini S, Bottero M, Abastante F. Eds. Values and functions for future cities. Green Energy and Technology, Cham, Switzerland: Springer p. 285-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23786-8
Thuo ADM. 2013. Exploring land development dynamics in rural-urban fringes: a reflection on why agriculture is being squeezed out by urban land uses in the Nairobi rural–urban fringe? International Journal of Rural Management 9(2), 105-134.
Tilman D, Clark M, Williams DR, Kimmel K, Polasky S, Packer C. 2017. Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention. Nature 546(7656), 73-81.
Turkkan C. 2020. Feeding the global city: urban transformation and urban food supply chain in 21st-century Istanbul. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 13(1), 13-37. DOI: 10.1080/17549175.2018.1515785
Wangarikm. 2013. Urban agriculture as an authentic urban land use in Kenya: a case study of Komarock Estate. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Wascher D, Jeurissen L, Jansma JE, van Eupen M. 2017. An ecological footprint-based spatial zoning approach for sustainable metropolitan agro-food systems. In: Soulard CT, Perrin C, Valette E. Eds. Toward sustainable relations between agriculture and the city. Urban agriculture, Cham, Switzerland: Springer p. 91-109. https://doi.org /10.1007/978-3-319-71037-2_6
Millicent Nyaboke Ogendi, John Bosco Mukundi, Samuel Mwangi Githiri (2021), Occurrence level of urban and peri-urban farming activities across major network links of Nairobi County, Kenya; IJAAR, V18, N4, April, P25-37
https://innspub.net/occurrence-level-of-urban-and-peri-urban-farming-activities-across-major-network-links-of-nairobi-county-kenya/
Copyright © 2021
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0