Evaluation of air quality in a suburban area of Algiers: A study using INAA and EDXRF technique
Paper Details
Evaluation of air quality in a suburban area of Algiers: A study using INAA and EDXRF technique
Abstract
This study shows the levels of air pollution concerning the Total atmospheric Suspended Particles (TSP) and the mineral fraction which is conveyed by the latter in a suburban site, west of Algiers. The particulate sampling is performed by a low-flow sampler. The study shows that this suburban site, the air pollution by the TSP reached relatively low levels. We note that 76% of the levels found do not exceed the quality objective set by the Algerian regulations and the WHO (50µg/m3), therefore, the TSP pollution is tolerable, with an average of (40μg/m3). The analysis of metals associated with TSP by nuclear methods: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. INAA shows the presence of Cr, Pb, As, Ni, Fe, V, Zn, Mn, Se, Co, Sb, Ba, Br, Sc, Hf, Ce , Ca and Cu accusing relatively low values compared with limit values that regulate this form of pollution and the values published in the same line of research, but the inhalation of certain metals such as lead, chromium, nickel, arsenic, vanadium, manganese, cobalt and antimony even in small amounts may lead to toxic concentrations by accumulation effect in the body.
Alian A, Sansoni B. 1990. Activation analysis in air particulate matter. In: Zeev B. Alfassi, editor. Activation Analysis, Vol II. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc; 503.
Almeida SM, Pio CA, Freitas MC, Reis MA, Trancoso MA. 2006. Approaching PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 source apportionment by mass balance analysis, principal component analysis and particle size distribution. Sci. Total. Environ 368, 663-674.
Almeida SM, Pio CA, Freitas MC, Reis MA, Trancoso MA. 2006. Source apportionment of atmospheric urban aerosol based on weekdays/weekend variability: evaluation of road re-suspended dust contribution. Atmos. Environ 40, 2058-2067.
Al-Merey R, Karajou J, Issa H. 2005. X-ray fluorescence analysis of geological samples: exploring the effect of sample thickness on the accuracy of results. Appl. Radiat. Isot 62-501.
An Liu, Yukun Ma, Janaka MA et al. 2018. Heavy metals transport pathways: The importance of atmospheric pollution contributing to stormwater pollution. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf 164, 696-703.
Anoop KS, Keld AJ, Jette R, Paul A, White, Staffan L. 2007. Genotoxicity, inflammation and physicochemical properties of fine particle samples from an incineration energy plant and urban air. Mutat. Res. 633, 95-111.
Bandhu HK, Sanjiv P, Garg ML. 2000. Elemental composition and sources of air pollution in the city of Chandigarh, India, using EDXRF and PIXE techniques. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res B160, 126-138.
Beijer K, Jernelöv A. 1986. Sources, transport and transformation of metals in the environment, in: L. Frindberg, G.F. Nordberg, V.B. Vouk (Eds.), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Vol.1,2nd ed. Elsevier Scientific Publ., Amsterdam, ISBN: 0444904131, pp. 68-74.
Belamri M, Bouhila Z, Omari L. 2009. Evaluation de la dégradation de la qualité de l’air par le dosage des métaux lourds. Proc. of the Int. Conf. On Environment Deterioration; what Solutions? Skikda, Algeria pp.1-26.
Bernasconi G, Tajani A, Kregsamer P. 2000. Manual for QXAS/AXIL Version 3.5. Vienna, IAEA.
Birmili W, Allen AG, Bary F, Harrison RM. 2006. Trace metal concentrations and water solubility in size-fractionated atmospheric particles and influence of road traffic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 1144-1153.
Bouhila M, Mouzai T, Azli A, Nedjar C, Mazouzi Z, Zergoug. 2015. Investigation of aerosol trace element concentrations nearby Algiers for environmental monitoring using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Atmos. Res 166, 49-59.
Brunekreef B, Holgate ST. 2002. Air Pollut. Health 260, 1233-1242.
Cesareo R, Castellano A, Cuevas AM. 1998. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of thin and intermediate environmental samples. X-ray Spectrom 27, 257-264.
Chaiwat B, Duangkamon S, Sutatip N, Santi W, Kansri B. 2020. Metal Accumulation in Lichens as a Tool for Assessing Atmospheric Contamination in a Natural Park. Environ. Nat. Resour. J 18(2), 66-176.
David M, Stieb L, Perry H. 2016. A national study of the association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Canada, 1999-2008. Environ. Res 148, 513-526.
Delmas R, Gérard M, Vincent HP. 2005. Physics and chemistry of atmosphere. Belin editor. Paris, France.
El Desouky M. 1988. Suspended Particulate Matter in the urban area in Kuwait. Environment Protection Department, Ministry of Public Health. Kuwait.
Fang GC, Wu YS, Chen JC, Rau JY, Huang SH, Lin CK. 2006. Concentrations of ambient air particulates (TSP, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) and ionic species at offshore areas near Taiwan Strait. J. Hazard Mater B132, 269-276.
Ferrero JL, Roldan C, Juanes D, Rollano E, Morera C. 2002. Analysis of pigments from Spanish works of art using a portable EDXRF spectrometer. X-ray Spectrom 31, 441-447.
Gallorini M. 1995. Trace elements monitoring in atmospheric pollution processes. Microchem J. 51, 127.
Gamble JF, Lewis RJ. 1996. Health and respirable particulate (PM10) air pollution: a causal or statistical association? Environ. Health Perspectives 104, 838.
Guoa H, Leea SC, Hoa KF, Wangb XM, Zouc SC. 2003. Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ 37, 5307-5317.
Hagler GSW, Bergin MH, Salmon LG. 2007. Local and regional anthropogenic influence on PM2.5 elements in Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 41, 5994-6004.
Hongyan Z, Xin L, Qiang Z. 2017. Effects of atmospheric transport and trade on air pollution mortality in China. Atmos. Chem. Phys 17, 10367-10381.
Hsu SC, Liu SC, Jeng WL. 2005. Variations of Cd/Pb and Zn/Pb ratios in Taipei aerosols reflecting long-range transport or local pollution emissions. Sci. Total Environ 347, 111-121.
Hueglin C, Gehrig R, Baltensperger U. 2005. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland. Atmos. Environ 39, 637-651.
Janhall S, Peter M, Hallquist M. 2003. Vertical distribution of air pollutants at the Gustavii Cathedral in Goteborg, Sweden. AE International-Europe 37, 209-217.
Janssen NAH, Mansom DFM, Jagt KVD, Harssema H, Hoek G. 1997. Mass concentration and elemental composition of airborne particulate matter at street and background locations. Atmos. Environ 31, 1185-1193.
Koc-ak M, Mihalopoulos N, Kubilay N. 2007. Chemical composition of the fine and coarse fraction of aerosols in the northeastern Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ 41, 7351-7368.
Landsberger S, Zhang P, Wu D, Chatt A. 1997. Analysis of the Artic aerosol for a 10 year period using various activation analysis methods. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem 217, 11.
Liu S, Hu M, Slanina S, He LY, Niu YW, Bruegemann E. 2008. Size distribution and source analysis of ionic compositions of aerosols in polluted periods at Xinken in Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. Atmos Environ. 42, 6284-6295.
Lucy T, González FE, Longoria RM. 2017. Determination of trace metals in TSP and PM2.5 materials collected in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico: A characterization study by XPS, ICP-AES and SEM-EDS. Atmos. Res 196(8), 22.
Ma YZ, Wang Y, Tan S. 2017. Comparison of inorganic chemical compositions of atmospheric TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in northern and southern chinese coastal cities. J. Environ. Sci 55, 339-353.
Manoli E, Voutsa D, Samara C. 2002. Chemical characterization and source identification/ apportionment of fine and coarse air particles in Thessaloniki, Greece. Atmos. Environ 36, 949-961.
Misra NL, Mudher KDS. 2002. Progress in crystal growth and characterization of materials pp.65-74.
Moreno T, Querol X, Alastuey A. 2006. Variations in atmospheric PM trace metal content in Spanish towns: illustrating the chemical complexity of the inorganic urban aerosol cocktail. Atmos. Environ 40, 6791-6803.
Ondov JM, Divita FJ, Suarez A. 1995. Size-spectra and growth of particles bearing As, Se, Sb and Zn in Washington D.C. Aerosol by INAA. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem 192, 215.
Padilla R, Van Espen P, Torres PPG. 2006. The suitability of XRF analysis for compositional classification of archaeological ceramic fabric: a comparison with a previous NAA study. Anal. Chim. Acta 558, 283.
Pakkanen TA, Kerminen VM, Korhonen CH. 2001. Use of atmospheric elemental size distributions in estimating aerosol sources in the Helsinki area. Atmos. Environ 35, 5537-5551.
Pope CA, Dockery DW. 2012. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc 56, 709-742.
Rattapon O, Darryl WH. 2019. A Computational Program for Estimating Atmospheric Corrosion of Monuments. Environ Nat Resour J 17(3), 19-28.
Sandrine G, Laurence G, Cathrine R. 2005. La pollution atmosphérique par les métaux lourds. Ed.EPE Science, ADEME, France.
Shakya KM, Peltier RE, Shrestha H, Byanju RM. 2017. Measurements of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, BC and PM chemical composition from an urban residential location in Nepal. Atmos. Pollut. Res 8(6), 1123-1131.
Swietlicki E, Puri S, Hansson HC, Edner H. 1996. Urban Air Pollution Source Apportionment Using a Combination of Aerosol and Gas Monitoring Techniques. Atmos. Environ 30, 2795-2809.
Tsuji K, Matsuda A, Nakano K, Okhrimovskyy A. 2006. X-ray fluorescence analysis of soft materials using needle-type collimators enabling greater tolerance in analysis depth. Spectrochim. Acta. Part B 61, 460-464.
Uematsu M, Hattori H, Nakamura T. 2010. Atmospheric transport and deposition of anthropogenic substances from the Asia to the East China Sea. Mar. Chem 120, 108-115.
Van Wijnen JH, Van der Zee SC. 1998. Traffic-related air pollutants: Exposure of road users and populations living near busy roads. Rev. Environ. Health. Jan-Jun 13(1-2), 1-25.
Viana M, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Querol X, Alastuey A, Harrison RM, Hopke PK. 2008. Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: a review of methods and results. J. Aerosol Sci 10, 827-849.
Wu YS, Fang GC, Lee WJ. 2007. A review of atmospheric fine particulate matter and its associated trace metal pollutants in Asian countries during the period 1995-2005. J. Hazard. Mater 143, 511-515.
Zhang XXPJ, Shi LY, Liu Y. 2010. Ambient TSP concentration and dust fall in major cities of China: Spatial distribution and temporal variability. Atmos. Environ 44-164-1e-1648.
Ghania Iazzourene, Leila Hamioud, Salim Lamine, Zohra Bouhila (2022), Evaluation of air quality in a suburban area of Algiers: A study using INAA and EDXRF technique; JBES, V20, N1, January, P193-203
https://innspub.net/evaluation-of-air-quality-in-a-suburban-area-of-algiers-a-study-using-inaa-and-edxrf-technique/
Copyright © 2022
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0