home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Estimation of necrosis length, phenolic content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity in cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.) after Phytophthora megakarya inoculation

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/03/2017
Views (361) Download (8)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Estimation of necrosis length, phenolic content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity in cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.) after Phytophthora megakarya inoculation

Martine Louise Ondobo, Pierre Effa Onomo, Jude Manga Ndjaga, Jules Christian Djoko Kouam, Pierre François Djocgoue, Denis Omokolo Ndoumou
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.10( 3), 26-36, March 2017.
Certificate: IJAAR 2017 [Generate Certificate]
Key: CocoaEnzymesHeterosisNecrosisPhytophthora megakarya

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the principal culture of income for many countries of the world. In Cameroon, black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is one of the most economically destructive diseases of cocoa. Hybridation is a reliable method of ameliorating cocoa production. The aim of this study was to select new genotypes with resistance to P. megakarya. Necrotic lesions, total polyphenols (TPP) and activities of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (POX) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO)] were conducted on leaves of three parental clones (T79/467, SNK413 and ICS40) and their hybrids (families F70, F30, F90 and F95) derived from reciprocal crossing after inoculation. 96% of the hybrid’s genotype manifested a positive heterosis effect for the development of lesion size suggesting the existence of hybrid vigour. The F30.03, F30.07, F70.04, F70.07, F90.03, F95.01, F95.08 and F95.11 genotypes showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) of biochemical components negatively correlated with the necrosis length and this increase was genotype-dependent. Those hybrids can be considered as elite clones. Furthermore, the pair of parental clones (T79/467-SNK413 and T79/467-ICS40) has showed good aptitudes for the combination of the characters studied and no maternal effect was detected in their transmission.

VIEWS 21
Cover PDF

Bowers JH, Bailey BA, Hebbar PK, Sanogo S,Lumsden RD. 2001. The impact of plant diseases on world chocolate production. In: Progress, PH. (Ed.). Available at Accessed on 10 Jan, 2009.

Cilas C.1991. Estimation of some genetics parameters of different crosses plans of cocoa. Café Cacao Thé25, 3-13.

Djocgoue PF, Boudjeko T, Mbouobda HD, Nankeu DJ, El Hadrami I, Omokolo ND. 2007. Heritability of Phenols in the Resistance of Theobroma cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the Causal Agent of Black Pod Disease. Journal of Phytopathology 155, 519-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01268.x

Djocgoue PF, Mbouobda HD, Boudjeko T, Effa OP, Omokolo ND. 2011. Amino acids, carbohydrates and heritability of resistance in the Theobroma cacao/Phythophthora megakarya interaction. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50, 370-383.

Effa OP, Niemenak N, Djocgoue PF, Ondobo ML, Omokolo ND. 2015. Heritability of polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of Cameroonian cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans. African Journal of Biotechnology 14(36), 2672-2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.14715

Effa OP, Akoa SP, Ondobo ML, Djocgoue PF. 2016. Assessment of tolerance level to Phytophthora megakarya in four hybrid populations of Theobroma cacao L. International Journal of Biosciences, 9(3), 53-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/9.3.53-64

Falconer DS. 1974. Introduction à la Génétique Quantitative. Masson, Paris, France.

Flood J, Guest D, Holmes KA, Keane P, Padi B, Sulistyowati E. 2004. Cocoa under attack. In: Flood, J., Murphy, R. (Eds.), Cocoa Futures: A Source Book of Some Important Issues Facing the Cocoa Industry. Chinchina, Colombia: CABI-FEDERACAFE, USDA, .33-53 P.

Koc E, Ustun AS. 2012. Influence of Phytophthora capsici L. inoculation on disease severity, necrosis length, peroxidase and catalase activity, and phenolic content of resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. Turkish Journal of Biology 36, 357-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/biy-1109-12

Manga NJ, Effa OP, Ondobo ML, Djoko KJC, Djocgoue PF. 2016. Heritability of the tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya Bras. And Grif. Of Theobroma cacao L. in terms of their necrosis length, phenolic contents and activity of enzymes. International Journal of Biosciences 8(5), 249-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/8.5.249-261

Mossu G. 1990. Le cacaoyer. Maisonneuve et Larouse, Paris. 160 p.

Murthy KN, Uzma F, Srinivas C. 2014. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum by Pseudomonas fluorescens. American Journal of Plant Sciences 5, 1799-1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.51219

Ngadze E, Icishahayo D, Coutinho TA, Van der Waals JE. 2012. Role of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols in resistance of potatoes to soft rot. Plant Disease 96, 186-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0149

Ndoumbe-Nkeng M, Cilas C, Nyemb E, Nyasse S, Bieysse D, Flori A, Sache I. 2004. Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa production in Cameroon. Crop Protection, 23, 415-424.

Nyasse S, Cilas C, Hérail C, Blaha G. 1995. Leaf inoculation as an early screening test for cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) resistance to Phytophthora black pod disease .Crop Protection 14, 657-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)00054-2

Nyasse S, Despréaux D, Cilas C. 2002. Validity of a leaf inoculation test to assess the resistance toin cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) diallel mating design. Euphytica 123, 395-399.

Omokolo ND, Boudjeko T. 2005. Comparative analyses of alterations in carbohydrates, amino acids, phenols and lignin in roots of three cultivars of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (macabo) infected by Pythium myriotylum. South African Journal of Botany 71, 432-440.

Ondobo ML, Effa OP, Djocgoué PF, Boudjeko T, Manga NJ, Djoko KJC, Omokolo ND. 2013. Influence of Phytophthora megakarya inoculation on necrosis length, phenolic content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plants. Syllabus Review, Science Series 4, 8-18.

Ondobo ML, Effa OP, Djocgoue PF, Manga NJ, Boudjeko T, Omokolo ND. 2014. Phenolic content and heritability of resistance in four hybrid populations of Theobroma cacao L. after Leaves inoculation with Phytophthora megakarya Bras. And Grif. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8, 17-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i1.3

Singleton VL, Rossi JA. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolibdic-phosphotungstic acid reagent. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 37, 144-158.

Rodriguez RTR, Sanchez. 1982. Peroxidase and IAA oxidase in germinating seeds of Cicer arientum L. Revistaespanola de fisiologia 38, 183-188.

Van Kammen A, Broumer D. 1964. Increase of polyphenoloxidase activity by a local virus infection in un-inoculated parts of leaves. Virulogy 22, 9-14.

Walters D, Walsh D, Newton A. 2005. Induced resistance for plant disease control: maximizing the efficacy of resistance elicitors. Phytopathology 95, 1368-1373.

Zahour A. 1992. Eléments d’amélioration génétique des plantes. Ed. Actes, Rabat, 232 P.

Submit Manuscript