Effects of treated wastewater of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch irrigation on Ligustrum vulgare
Paper Details
Effects of treated wastewater of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch irrigation on Ligustrum vulgare
Abstract
Reusing treated Wastewater for irrigation, depending on its characteristics can be either beneficial or harmful. Therefore, the present study carried out to evaluate the suitability of using the effluent wastewater of the Islamic Azad University of Roudehen for irrigation of the green fields of this area and tis effect on quality of (Ligustrum vulgare). Four different treatments of Irrigation water including (1/3 water + 2/3 wastewater, 2 /3 water + 1/3 wastewater, pure water and pure wastewater effluent) used for irrigation during 6 months. Greenhouse experiments have done completely randomized design with three replications on plants separately. Plant samples were collected at the end of each month and chemical properties of irrigation water as well as morphological and physiological of plants were determined. Then the results analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that, the quality of effluent wastewater is considered suitable for irrigation of green fields expect for MPN and TSS. The amount of nutrients, Na+ and EC of the wastewater effluent were higher than the water, while DO and Ca2+ were less. The maximum Number of branches and plant pigments of Ligustrum vulgare observed in irrigation treatment of (2/3 water + 1/3 wastewater). So, mixing of wastewater and well water of field study (2/3 water + 1/3 wastewater) compared with pure water has positive affected on plants growth as well as decrease the costs of irrigation.
Arienzo M, Christen EW, Quayle W, Kumar A. 2009. A review of the fate potassium in the soil-plant system after land application of wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164, 415-422. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.095
ASTM (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater). 1998. 20th edn, American Public Health Association /American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA. http://www.mwa.co.th/download/file_upload/SMW W_10900end.pdf
Bamniya BR , Kapasya V, Kapoor CS. 2010. Physiological and biochemical studies on the effect of waste water on selected crop plants. Biological Forum — An International Journal 2, 1-3. http://researchtrend.net/bf22/1%20CS%20KAPOOR.pdf
Cameron KC, Rate AW, Noonan MJ, Moore S, Smith NP,Kerr LE. 1996. Lysimeter study of the fate of nutrients following subsurface injection and surface application of the dairy pond sludge to pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 58(2-3), 187-197. http://dx.doi:10.1016/0167-8809(96)01029-8
Drechsel P, Graefe S, Sonou M, Cofie OO. 2006. Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: an overview. In: Research Report 102, IWMI (International Water Management Institute), Colombo, Sri Lanka. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/pub102/RR102.pdf
Feigin A, Ravina I, Shalheret J. 1991. Irrigation with treated sewage effluent. Management for Environmental Protection Series: Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences 17,224 pp,46-66. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/agriculture/book/978-3-642-74482-2
Gruszecki WI, Strzatka K. 1991. Does the xanthophylls cycle take part in the regulation of fluidity of the thylakoid membrane. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics 1060 (3), 310-314. http://dx.doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(05)80322-6
Guo TR, Zhang Gp, Zhang YH. 2007. Physiological changes in barley plants under combined toxicity of aluminum, copper and cadmium. Colloids and Surfaces. B: Biointerfaces 57(2), 182-188. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.01.013
Hiscox JD, Israelstam GF. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Canadian Journal of Botany 57(12), 1332-1334. http://dx.doi:10.1139/b79-163
IWMI (International Water Management Institute). 2003. Confronting the realities of wastewater use in agriculture. Water Policy Briefing 9. IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Water_Poli cy_Briefs/PDF/wpb09.pdf
Kalavrouziotis Ik, Koukoulakis PH, Sakellario-Makrantonaki M, Papanikolaou C. 2009.Effects of treated municipal wastewater on the essential nutrients intractions in the plant of Brassica oleracea Var. Italica. Desalination 242, 297-312. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.05\.009.
Levine AD, Asano T. 2004.Recovering sustainable water from wastewater Environmental Science and Technology 1, 201A–208A. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es040504n
Pedrero F, Alarcón JJ. 2009. Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on lemon trees. Desalination 246, 631–639. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.07.017
Qadir M, Wichelns D, Raschid-Sally L, McCornick PG, Drechsel P, Bahri A, Minhas PS. 2010. The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries. Agricultural Water Management 97, 561–568. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2008.11.004
Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall F. 2009. Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Physiochemical Properties of Soil and Availability of Heavy Metals in Soil and Vegetables. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 40, 3469-3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620903327543
Singh G, Bhati M. 2005. Growth of Dalbergia sissoo in desert regions of western India using municipal effluent and plant chemistry. Bioresource Technology 96(9), 1019-1028. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.09.011
Sinha S, Gupta AK, Bhatt K. 2007. Uptake and translocation of metals in fenugreek grown on soil amended with tannery sludge: involvement of antioxidants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 67(2), 267-277. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.07.005
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development), 2004. Guidelines for Water Reuse. Washington, DC. http://water.epa.gov/aboutow/owm/upload/Water-Reuse-Guidelines-625r04108.pdf
Wang Jf, Wang Gx, Wanyan H. 2007. Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment: Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19(9), 1093–1099. http://dx.doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60178-8
WHO, 2006. Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Grey Water. Volume 2. Wastewater Use in Agriculture. Geneva. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/waste water/gsuww/en/
Maryam Farahani, Ali Reza Rahi (2015), Effects of treated wastewater of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch irrigation on Ligustrum vulgare; IJAAR, V6, N1, January, P530-537
https://innspub.net/effects-of-treated-wastewater-of-islamic-azad-university-roudehen-branch-irrigation-on-ligustrum-vulgare/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0