Effect of the salinity stress and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and nutrition of the Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
Paper Details
Effect of the salinity stress and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and nutrition of the Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of the Arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on Calendula officinalis, an experimental has been carried out in term of salinity stress in totally randomized Factorials in shahrood. The samples were cultivated in tested sandy loam soil. This experiment were conducted in hub seedling (pot) method with four salinity treatment in 1.5-3.5-5.5-7.5 (dSm-1) concentration, two level with and without mycorrhiza in 4 trial. The Fl Calendula seed were cultivated with mycorhizal fungi simultaneously in which the salinity treatment was applied in leaf stage four. The measured characteristics included dry weight, root and shoots, leaf area, number of flowering branches. The result has implied that utilizing the different mycorrhiza salinity stress has a meaningful effect on measured characteristics that is on the dry weight of shoots, the leaf area on 5%, and the number of flowering branches Chlorophyll a and b on the 1%.
Arnon AN. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal 23, 112-121.
AlaviPanah QK. 1992. Revive the passion: Journal of Forest and Rangeland 31, 62-71.
Dodd IC, Ruíz-Lozano JM. 2012. Microbial enhancement of crop resource use efficiency: Current Opinion in Biotechnology 23, 236-242.
Evelin H, Kapoor R, Giri B. 2007. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review Annals of Botany 104, 1263-1280.
Giri B, Kapoor R, Mukerji KG. 2007. Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues: Microbial Ecology 54, 753-760.
Goh TB, Banerjee MR, Shihua T, Burton DL. 1997. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizea mediated uptake and translocation of P and Zn by wheat in a calcareous soil: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, 339-346.
Juniper S, Abbott LK. 2006. Soil salinity delays germination and limits growth of hyphae from propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Mycorrhiza 16, 371-379.
Mukerji KG, Chamola BP. 2003. Compendium of Mycorrhizal Research. A. P. H. Publisher. New Delhi. P. 310.
Rangasamy P, Olsson A. 1991. Sodicityand soil structure. Aus Journal: Soil Research 29, 935-952.
Ruíz-Lozano JM, Perálvarez MC, Aroca R, Azcón R. 2011. The application of a treated sugar beet waste residue to soil modifies the responses of mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal lettuce plants to drought stress: Plant and Soil 346, 153-166.
Valentine AJ, Mortimer PE, Lintnaar A, Borgo R. 2006. Drought responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal grapevines: Symbiosis 41, 127-133.
Wilde P, Manal A, Stodden M, Sieverding E, Hilderbrandt U, Bothe H. 2009. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soils of two salt marshes: Environmental Microbiology 11, 1548-1561.
S.H. Mbadi, Z.T Alipour, H. Asghari, B. Kashefi , 2015. Effect of the salinity stress and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and nutrition of the Marigold (Calendula officinalis). J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 6(4), 215-219.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.