Developmental biology of Encarsiasophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Paper Details
Developmental biology of Encarsiasophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Abstract
Encarsiasophia(Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is an abundant parasitoid of Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Pakistan. Biological studies of E. sophia were carried out on brinjal (Solanummelongena) in Insectary Biological Control Labs., NARC, Islamabad at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH and 14:10 L:D Photoperiod. Results demonstrated that mated E. sophia laid female eggs internally in whitefly nymphs (primary host) while male developed hyperparasitically by laying male eggs on the surface of 3rd instar larva (secondary host) by a virgin female. Both sexes have same developmental stages i.e. egg, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larva, a pre-pupal and pupa stage. Time from egg to adult development till emergence was lower in female E. sophia (12.61±0.13 days) and was observed higher in male E. sophia (13.94±0.16 days). Super-parasitism was not observed in controlled experimental conditions but was common in glasshouse conditions. For developing mass-rearing protocols, our results will provide useful directions and contribute during field releases trials for controlling B. tabacipopulations.
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