Quantifying the effects of altitude and soil texture on weed species distribution in wheat fields of Tabriz, Iran
Paper Details
Quantifying the effects of altitude and soil texture on weed species distribution in wheat fields of Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Correlations between weed species prsence with altitude and soil texture data were investigated in 42 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields of Tabriz county (northwest of Iran) in spring 2014. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to find relationships between presence and absence of weeds in wheat fields with altitude data received by GPS and soil texture (sand, silt, ans clay) data taken from soil analysis of each field. In this research, 97 weed species were observed. CCA showed that altitude and soil texture can effect on weeds distribution in wheat fields. The first two CCA axes explained 76.7% of the variation in weed species distribution. The first axis had positive correlation with altitude (0.97%) and secondary axis had positive correlation with sand content of the soils (0.84%). Silt and clay vectors were located in opposite of sand vector. Altitude of the fields had highest effect in weeds distribution. Maximum richness was observed in low altitudes. By increasing of field’s altitude, species diversity was decreased. Convolvulus arvensis, Acroptilon repens, and Chenopodium album that were observed in the center of CCA biplot, as a dominant and noxious weeds with wide ecological needs were founded in wheat fields with different soil texture and altitude (1320 until 1960 m asl).
Andreasen C, Skovgaard IM. 2009. Crop and soil factors of importance for the distribution of plant species on arable fields in Denmark. Agric Ecosys Environ. 133, 61–67.
Begon M, Harper JL, Townsend CR. 1990. Ecology. Individuals, populations and communities. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Blackwell.
Davis PH. 1965-85. Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh at the University of Press. V: 1-10.
Dieleman JA, Mortensen DA, Buhler DD, Cambardella CA, Moorman TB. 2000. Identifying associations among site properties and weed species abundance. Multivariate analysis. Weed Science, 48,567–575.
Gomaa NH. 2012. Composition and diversity of weed communities in Al-Jouf province, northern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 19, 369–376.
Kent R. Johnson DE, Becker M. 2001. The influences of cropping system on weed communities of rice in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 87, 299–307.
Hassannejad S, PorheidarGhafarbi S. 2013. Weed flora survey in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fields of Shabestar (northwest of Iran). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 971-991.
Le Coeur D, Baudry J, Burel F, Thenail C., 2002.Why and how we should study field boundary biodiversity in an agrarian landscape context. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 89, 23–40.
Leeson JY, Sheard W, Thomas AG. 2000. Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 80,177–185.
Lososova Z, Chytry M, Cimalova S, Kropac Z, Otypkova Z, Pysek P, Tichy L. 2004. Weed vegetation of arable land in Central Europe: gradients of diversity and species composition. Journal of Vegetation Science. 15, 415–422.
Marshall EJP, Moonen AC, 2002. Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 89, 5–21.
Martinez-Ghersa MA, Ghersa CM, Satorre EH., 2000. Coevolution of agriculture systems and their weed companions: implications for research. Field Crops Research. 67, 181–190.
Minbashi M, Baghestanii MA, Rahimian H. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology and Management, 8, 172 – 180.
Moody K, 1982. Changes in weed populations following forest clearing in Oyo state Nigeria. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 59, 298–302.
Pinke G, Karacsony P, Czucz B, Botta-Dukat Z, Lengyel A. 2012. The influence of environment, management and site context on species composition of summer arable weed vegetation in Hungary. Applied Vegetation Science. 15, 136–144.
Poggio SL, Satorre EH, Fuente EB. 2004. Structure of weed communities occurring in pea and wheat crops in the Rolling Pampa (Argentina). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 103, 225–235.
Pysek P, Kucera T, Jarosik V. 2002. Patterns of invasion in temperate nature reserves. Biol Conserv. 104, 13–24.
Rechinger KH. 1963-2007. Flora Iranica. Akademische Durck-U. Verlagsanstalt Graz-Austria.V: 1-178.
Sperry JS, Hacke UG, 2002. Desert shrub water relations with respect to soil characteristics and plant functional type. Funct. Ecol. 16, 367–378.
Suárez SA, de la Fuente EB, Ghersa CM, León RJC, 2001. Weed community as an indicator of summer crop yield and site quality. Agronomy Journal. 93, 524–530.
Thomas AG. 1985. Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Science, 33, 34-43.
Sirous Hassannejad, Soheila Porheidar Ghafarbi, Elham Abbasvand, Borhan Ghisvandi (2014), Quantifying the effects of altitude and soil texture on weed species distribution in wheat fields of Tabriz, Iran; JBES, V5, N1, July, P590-596
https://innspub.net/quantifying-the-effects-of-altitude-and-soil-texture-on-weed-species-distribution-in-wheat-fields-of-tabriz-iran/
Copyright © 2014
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0