Antibiotic-resistant Citrobacter spp. from duck eggs in poultry farms and selected tributaries in Laguna de Bay, Philippines: A cross-sectional study
Paper Details
Antibiotic-resistant Citrobacter spp. from duck eggs in poultry farms and selected tributaries in Laguna de Bay, Philippines: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are not recently discovered issues but remain a prevailing and urgent worldwide concern. Recent reports have shown a significant rise in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria around the world, including Citrobacter spp. The prominent industry that contributes to this is the agriculture industry, especially the livestock-rearing sector. As an opportunistic pathogen, Citrobacter spp. poses a considerable health risk, especially to vulnerable populations. This study aims to determine the presence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Citrobacter spp. in the 36 duck eggshells collected from the three poultry farms in Victoria, Laguna, and 36 water samples from the selected tributaries in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Presumed Citrobacter spp. was confirmed by using VITEK, and specific antibiotic resistance was determined. The VITEK results showed 8 water samples and 2 eggshell samples tested positive for Citrobacter. Among these isolates, 3 were sensitive to Ampicillin, 1 to Azithromycin, and 7 to Tetracycline. Additionally, 2 isolates showed intermediate resistance to Ampicillin, while 6 were resistant to Ampicillin, 10 to Azithromycin, and 4 to Tetracycline. In conclusion, the study discovers antibiotic resistant Citrobacter spp. in Laguna de Bay tributaries and poultry farms in Victoria, Laguna, Philippines. Thus, emphasizing the need of battling antibiotic resistance, as the bacteria have varying susceptibility to antibiotics. The findings have serious implications to consumers’ health and food safety, as antibiotic-resistant bacteria in tributaries and duck eggs pose a substantial threat to human health and the environment.
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