Changes in leaf characteristics and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to shading and water stress
Paper Details
Changes in leaf characteristics and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to shading and water stress
Abstract
Some leaf characteristics and yield of soybean were investigated under different light interception (25, 65 and 100% of sun light) and irrigation treatments (I1, I2, I3, I4 for irrigation after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively) in 2011. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replicates. Membrane stability index decreased with increasing shading. However, leaf water potential, relative water content and leaf area index under all irrigation treatments increased as light interception decreased. This trend was improved as water availability decreased. Specific leaf weight significantly decreased with increasing shading under I1 and I2, but it was statistically similar for all light interceptions under I3. In contrast, specific leaf weight was increased as shading increased under I4. In general, specific leaf weight decreased with increasing water deficit. Increasing shade stress decreased grain yield per unit area under I1 and I2, but improved grain yield under I3 and I4, which is directly related with changes in leaf water potential, relative water content and leaf area index under these conditions. Therefore, shading can reduce the impact of water stresses on soybean plant performance in the field.
Alarcon JJ, Ortuno MF, Nicolas E, Navarro A, Torrecillas A. 2006. Improving water-use efficiency of young lemon trees by shading with aluminised-plastic nets. Agriculture Water Management 82(3), 387– 398, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.08.003
Araus JL, Alegre L, Tapia L, Calafell R, Serret MD. 1986. Relationship between photosynthetic capacity and leaf structure in several shade plants. American Journal of Botany 73, 1760- 1770.
Bell GE, Danneberger TK, McMahon MJ. 2000. Spectral irradiance available for turfgrass growth in sun and shade. Crop Science 40(1), 189- 195, http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.401189x
Bjorkrnan O. 1981. Response to different quantum flux densities. In: Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB, Ziegler H, eds. Physiological plant ecology I. Encyclopedia of plant physiology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 57- 107.
Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV. 2003. Anti-oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. Annals of Botany 91, 179- 194.
Cantallago JE, Medan D, Hall AJ. 2004. Grain number in sunflower as affected by shading during floret growth, anthesis and grain setting. Field Crops Research 85(2-3), 191- 202, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00160-6
Cohen S, Raveh E, Li Y, Grava A, Goldschmidt EE. 2005. Physiological responses of leaves, tree growth and fruit yield of grapefruit trees under reflective shade screens. Scientia Horticulturae 107, 25- 35.
Fails BS, Lewis AJ, Barden JA. 1982. Net photosynthesis and transpiration of sun- and shade-grown Ficus benjamina leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 107, 758-761.
Gao WR, Wang XSH, Liu P, Chen Ch, Li JG, Zhang JS, Ma H. 2008. Comparative analysis of ESTs in response to drought stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 376, 578- 583.
Gonzales L, Gonzales-Vilar M. 2001. Determination of relative water content. In: Reigosa MJ, ed. Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 207- 212.
Hadi H, Ghasesemi–Golezani K, Rahimzadeh Khoei F, Valizadeh M, Shakiba MR. 2006. Responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of shade. Journal of Agronomy 5, 595- 599, http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.595.599
Holmgren M. 2000. Combined effects of shade and drought on tulip poplar seedlings: trade-off in tolerance or facilitation? Oikos 90(1), 67- 78, http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900107.x
Knight H, Knight MR. 2001. Abiotic stress signaling pathways: specificity and cross-talk. Trends in Plant Science 6(6), 262- 267, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(01)01946-X
Kobata T, Takami T. 1986. Changes in respiration, dry matter production and its partition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to water deficit during grain filling period. The Botanical Magazine Tokyo 99, 379-393.
Lambers H, Stuart Chapin F, Pons TL. 2008. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin.
Levitt J. 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stress: Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses. Academic Press, New York.
Makbul S, Saruhan Guler N, Durmuş N, Guven G. 2011. Changes in anatomical and physiological parameters of soybean under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Botany 35, 369- 377.
Meyer RF, Boyer JS. 1981. Osmoregulation solute distribution and growth in soybean seedlings having low water potentials. Planta 151, 482- 489, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386543
Muthuchelian K, Paliwal K, Gnanam A, Paliwal K. 1989. Influence of shading on net photosynthetic and transpiration rate, stomatal diffusive resistance, nitrate reductase and biomass productivity of wood legume tree species (Erythrina variegata Lam.). Plant Science 99, 539- 565.
Nasrullahzadeh S, Ghassemi–Golezani K, Javanshir A, Valizade M, Shakiba MR. 2007. Effects of shade stress on ground cover and grain yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 5, 337- 340.
Nicolas E, Barradas VL, Ortuno MF, Navarro A, Torrecillas A, Alarcon JJ. 2008. Environmental and stomatal control of transpiration, canopy conductance and decoupling coefficient in young lemon trees under shading net. Environmental and Experimental Botany 63(1-3), 200- 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.007
Nicolas E, Torrecillas A, DellA mico J, Alarcon JJ. 2005. Sap flow, gas exchange and hydraulic conductance of young apricot trees growing under a shading net and different water supplies. Journal of Plant Physiology 162(4), 439– 447, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.05.014
Rampino P, Pataleo S, Gerardi C, Mita G, Perrotta C. 2006. Drought stress response in wheat: physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes. Plant, Cell and Environment 29, 2143- 2152.
Roussopoulos D, Liakatas A, Whittington WJ. 1998. Cotton responses to different light-temprature regims. Agricultural Science 131, 277- 283.
Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rubio-Wilhelmi M, Cervilla LM, Blasco B, Rios JJ, Rosales MA, Romero L, Ruiz JM. 2010. Genotypic differences in some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress under moderate drought in tomato plants. Plant Science 178(1), 30- 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.10.001
Saranga Y, Menz M, Jiang CX, Wright RJ, Yakir D, Paterson AH. 2001. Genomic dissection of genotype x environment interactions affecting adaptation of cotton to arid conditions. Genome Research 11, 1988- 1995.
Scuderi D, Romano D, Giuffrida F. 2003. Responses of Ficus benjamina L. to shade levels. Acta Horticulturae 614, 645- 648.
Showler AT, Moran PJ. 2003. Effects of drought stressed cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), oviposition, and larval feeding preferences and growth. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29, 1997- 2011.
Siddique MRB, Hamid A, Islam MS. 2000. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 41, 35- 39.
Stanhill G, Cohen S. 2001. Global dimming: a review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 107(4), 255– 278, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-0
Syvertsen JP. 1984. Light acclimation in citrus leaves. II. CO2 assimilation and light, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 109, 812- 817.
Syvertsen JP, Smith ML. 1984. Light acclimation in Citrus leaves. I. Changes in physical characteristics, chlorophyll, and nitrogen content. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 109, 807-812.
Tanny J, Cohen S. 2003. The effect of a small shade net on the properties of wind and selected boundary layer parameters above and within a citrus orchard. Biosystems Engineering 84(1), 57- 67, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(02)00233-7
Tiyar ID, Pit MM. 1994. Related of water and soil in Agronomy plant. JDM press, Mashhad, p. 560.
Wang Z, Yin Y, He M, Zehang Y, Lu H, Li Q, Shi S. 2003. Allocation of photosynthates and grain growth of two wheat cultivars with different potential grain growth in response to pre- and post- anthesis shading. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 189(5), 280- 285, http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037X.2003.00041.x
Wong GG. 1991. Shade tolerance of tropical forages: A review. In: Shelton HM, Stuart WW, eds. Forages for Plantation Crops, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, ACIAR Proceedings, Canberra, p. 64- 69.
Xiong L, Wang RG, Mao G, Koczan JM. 2006. Identification of drought tolerance determinants by genetic analysis of root response to drought stress and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology 142(3), 1065-1074, http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.084632
Zhang J, Smith DL, Liu W, Chen X, Yang W. 2011. Effects of shade and drought stress on soybean hormones and yield of main-stem and branch. The African Journal of Biotechnology 10(85), 14392-14398, http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2143
Zhou SB, Liu K, Zhang D, Li QF, Zhu GP. 2010. Photosynthetic performance of Lycoris radiata var. radiata to shade treatments. Photosynthetica 48(2), 241- 248, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-010-0030-7
K. Ghassemi–Golezani, J. Bakhshy, S. Zehtab-Salmasi, M. Moghaddam, 2013. Changes in leaf characteristics and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to shading and water stress. Int. J. Biosci., 3(2), 71-79.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.