Noise pollution in the urban environment and its impact on human health: A review
Paper Details
Noise pollution in the urban environment and its impact on human health: A review
Abstract
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, refers to the presence of excessive or disturbing sounds in the environment. Unlike many other pollutants, noise does not accumulate in the environment; rather, it has direct and immediate effects on human well-being. It is a major problem in cities around the world. It is a form of air pollution, posing a threat to health and well-being. Noise pollution is becoming more prevalent due to population growth and urbanization, which increase the use of noise sources of varying intensity and impact. The main sources of noise are transportation (air traffic, highways, and railways), industrial activities, construction work, and loudspeakers. Noise produces both direct and cumulative adverse health effects, potentially harming human health, wildlife, and the overall quality of the environment Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise is associated with a range of health problems, including hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular disease. It can also impair the ability to enjoy leisure time and increase the incidence of antisocial behavior. Noise negatively impacts overall health and well-being in the same way that chronic stress does. Noise pollution also degrades social and work environments, reduces productivity, and leads to negative social behavior, along with corresponding economic losses. It also negatively impacts future generations through the deterioration of residential, social, and educational environments. The goal should be to protect citizens from the harmful effects of air pollution, including those caused by noise.
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