Influence of wildlife hunting, human encroachment and wildlife disease spread on public health among rural foresters in Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The research explored how wildlife hunting, human encroachment, and the spread of wildlife diseases affect public health for rural foresters in Imo State, Nigeria. Concerns grew that as humans increasingly interacted with wildlife in these forest communities, the risks of zoonotic disease transmission and various health issues were on the rise. To examine this, a descriptive survey research design was utilized, gathering data from 150 rural foresters in selected communities within Imo State. Structured questionnaires were distributed to capture insights on wildlife hunting trends, the extent of human encroachment into forest ecosystems, and the perceived prevalence of wildlife-related diseases impacting public health. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and mean scores. The results indicated a rise in wildlife hunting activities, which heightened exposure to zoonotic pathogens through practices like handling, butchering, and consuming bushmeat. Additionally, human encroachment into the forests was found to disrupt natural habitats, leading to increased interactions between humans and wildlife and raising the risk of disease transmission. The spread of wildlife diseases was significantly linked to infectious outbreaks among rural foresters and their nearby communities. The study concluded that the exploitation of wildlife and environmental disruptions pose serious public health concerns in rural forestry regions. It recommended reinforcing environmental regulations, enhancing public health education, and developing better surveillance systems to mitigate the risks of zoonotic diseases and support sustainable forest management in Imo State.