Natural Resistance of Avian Sera to Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Plimmer & Bradford)
Paper Details
Natural Resistance of Avian Sera to Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Plimmer & Bradford)
Abstract
This study evaluated the natural anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity of sera from some birds viz: Broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Shika brown chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Parent Stock White chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Parent Stock brown chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), Goose (Plectropterus gambensis), Crowned crane (Balearica regulorum), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Spotted eagle owl (Bubo africanus), Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) and Buzzard (Buteo buteo). To ensure that the donor birds were not infected with trypanosomes, their blood samples were screened using the thick film and haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT). Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federe strain) was suspended in RPMI supplemented with FCS and the motility of the parasite was used as an index of viability after the addition of each test serum. Bird sera generally exhibited some degree of anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activities in vitro. Serum from broiler hen had the highest anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity showing an inhibition index of 0.83, with a marked and significant reduction (P<0.05) in survival time of 5.00±0.00 hours compared with that of all the sera from other birds including the control (30.00±0.00 hours). The in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity in all the serum samples was cidal in nature and appeared to be mediated by xanthine oxidase (XO), except in the serum of buzzard. The highest anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity in the serum of broiler hen also coincided with the highest XO content. This study shows that sera from the selected birds have innate immunity against T. brucei brucei.
Atawodi SE, Bulus T, Ibrahim S, Ameh DA, Nok AJ, Mamman M, Galadima M. 2003. In vitro trypanocidal effect of methanolic extract of some Nigerian savannah plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 2(9), 317–321, http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2003.000-1065
Black SJ, Vandeweerd V. 1989. Serum lipoproteins are required for multiplication of Trypanosoma brucei under axenic conditions. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 37, 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(89)90103-5
Black SJ, Wang Q, Makadzange T, Li Y, Van Praagh A, Loomis M, Seed JR. 1999. Anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera. American Society of Parasitology Journal of Parasitology 85(1), 48-53.
Bulus T, Atawodi SE, Mamman M. 2008. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity and phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanol extracts of Terminalia avicennioides. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23(1), 7 – 11.
Chamond N, Cosson A, Blom-Potar MC, Jouvion G, D’Archivio S, Medina M, Droin-Bergère S, Huerre M, Goyard S, Minoprio P. 2010. Trypanosoma vivax Infections: Pushing Ahead with Mouse Models for the Study of Nagana. I. Parasitological, Hematological and Pathological Parameters. PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 104(8), e792.
Dam JTP Van, Schrama JW, Hel W, Van der, Verstegen MWA, Zwart D. 1996. Heat production, body temperature and body posture in West African dwarf goats infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Veterinary Quarterly 18, 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1996.9694616
Djieyep-Djemna F, Kogi E, Nock IH, Aken’Ova TOL. 2017. A Model for Determination of In Vitro Trypanosomal Activity Status of Sera Using an Anti-Trypanosoma Activity Index (ATI). Paper presented at the 2017 conference of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria. October 16-21, 2017 at the Umaru Musa YarAdua University, Katsina. Abstract No. PPSN/2017/ABS/115. P. 84. EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments
Gutierrez C, Corbera JA, Morales M, Büscher P. 2006. Trypanosomosis in goats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1081, 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1373.040 https://abu.edu.ng/zaria-at-a-glance.html
ILRAD. 1990. Annual Report of the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Karamba KL, Mukhtar MD. 2012. Sensitivity of haemoproteus columbae, Avian Parasite to Chloroquine Sulphate. Nigerian journal of Parasitology ISSN 1117 4145, 33(1), p91-95.
Kierszenbaum F, Gottlieb CA, Budzko DB. 1981. Antibody-Independent, Natural Resistance of Birds to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. The Journal of Parasitology 67(5), 656-660.
Le Tissier PR, Peters J, Skidmore CJ. 1994. Development of an assay method for purine catabolic enzymes in the mouse and its adaptation for use on an autoanalyzer. Analytical Biochemistry 222, 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1469
Muranjan M, Wang Q, Li Y, Hamilton E, Otieno-Omondi FP, Wang J, Van Praagh A, Grootenhuis JG, Black SJ. 1997. The Trypanocidal Cape Buffalo Serum Protein is Xanthine Oxidase. American Society for Microbiology. Infection and Immunity 65(9), 3806–3814.
Omotainse SO, Anosa VO. 1995. Leucocyte and thrombocyte responses in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Revue d’Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux 48, 254–258.
Onah DN, Hopkins J, Luckins AG. 1996. Haematological changes in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Parasitology Research 82, 659–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050181
Ouhtecrlony O, Nilsson LA. 1978. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. In: Handbook of Experimental Immunology, D.M. Weir (Ed), 3rd Ed.,Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication, p 19.16-19.28.
Peter D, Honigberg BM, Fern AM. 1976. An improved method of cryopreservation of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense brooden in liquid nitrogen. Journal of Parasitology 62(1), 136-137. https://doi.org/10.2307/3279072
Sekoni VO. 1994. Reproductive disorders caused by animal trypanosomiasis: a review. Theriogenology, 42, 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)90373-Q
Woo PTK. 1969. The haematocrit centrifuge for the detection of trypanosomes in blood. Canadian Journal of Zoology 47(5), 921-923. https://doi.org/10.1139/z69-150
Djieyep-Djemna Felicite, Nock Ishaya Haruna, Aken’Ova Thelma, Kogi Ezekiel, Djieyep Noundo Armand Claude, 2020. Natural Resistance of Avian Sera to Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Plimmer & Bradford). Int. J. Biosci., 17(6), 54-61.
Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.