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Variation of neem seed morphology and azadirachtin content in different climatic zones of Thailand

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Research Paper 01/05/2019
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Variation of neem seed morphology and azadirachtin content in different climatic zones of Thailand

Kraiwit Ruangsuk, Pabhop Sinchayakul, Weerathep Pongprasert, Wichai Sorapongpaisal
Int. J. Biosci.14( 5), 330-342, May 2019.
Certificate: IJB 2019 [Generate Certificate]
Key: AzadirachtinClimatic zoneNeem oilNeem seedThailand

Abstract

Neem tree has high adaptability to a wide range of environmental condition and the variation in morphology and physiology is commonly found. Research on the variation of neem seed yields in terms of size, weight, oil and azadirachtin content in 4 different climatic zones covering 34 provinces of Thailand was carried out. The neem fruits were collected from collecting sites, cleaned, depulped and dried in the laboratory. Seed characters were measured, neem oil was extracted and azadirachtin content was determined by HPLC technique. The statistical analyses were performed to determine the variation in neem seed yield and its relationship with environmental factors. The size and weight of seeds among climatic zones was statistically significant. The mean annual rainfall and relative humidity had a highly positive influence on seed size, seed weight, oil content and azadirachtin content, meanwhile, latitude had a highly negative influence on those parameters. The highest azadirachtin content was found in neem seeds collected from tropical climate zone in Pattani province (2,028.63 mg/ml), and could be a suitable neem source for insect pest control program in the future.

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