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A review on temperature dependent sex determination (TSD) in freshwater turtles

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Review Paper 13/05/2024
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A review on temperature dependent sex determination (TSD) in freshwater turtles

Pawan Shantiprakash Pareek, Monowar Alam Khalid, Shailendra Singh
J. Bio. Env. Sci.24( 5), 159-167, May 2024.
Certificate: JBES 2024 [Generate Certificate]
Key: ESDGSDInvasiveNon-invasiveTSD

Abstract

Temperature plays a very crucial role in turtle’s life starting from egg incubation to sex determination to day-to-day metabolism. Turtles exhibit two types of sex determination mechanism i.e. genetic sex determination (GSD) and environmental sex determination (ESD). ESD are the major mechanism observed in the turtle’s species. TSD is the most observed ESD patterns in Turtles. Three different types of TSD patterns (TSD Ia, TSD Ib and TSD II) were observed in the turtles. Most freshwater turtles exhibit TSD Ia type of TSD in which females are developed at higher temperature and males are hatched at lower temperature. For the identification of sex on individuals in TSD study majorly two categories of methods are applied i.e. invasive and Non-invasive. Invasive methods involves laparoscopic and gonad histology examination of reproductive organ. While in non-invasive method various method like penal inversion, morphometric measurements and blood assay were used. The intensive literature review suggested that invasive methods are 100% reliable and accurate but are lethal while on the other hand all the non-invasive methods are easy to operate but not 100% reliable and accurate. Some they need to be validated by invasive methods. In fresh water turtles DMRT1, SOX9, AMH and WT-1 are the major gene identified responsible for the male and aromatase is responsible to induce the development of female reproductive organs depending upon the incubation period.

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