A study of housing reconstruction program in post war conflict affected areas of Hindukush region, District Swat Pakistan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/04/2018
Views (595)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

A study of housing reconstruction program in post war conflict affected areas of Hindukush region, District Swat Pakistan

Malak Zada, Amir Khan, Zulfiqar Ali
J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 12(4), 157-165, April 2018.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2018; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

Housing is the basic human need which provides shelter, privacy, safety and shelter in harsh weather. This study was carried out during 2012-16 in order to investigate housing reconstruction programme in 2009-10 conflict affected areas of Hindukush region District Swat, Pakistan. Near half (48.2%) of the dwelling units were damaged due to operation against militant in 2009-10. Out of 265 damaged sampled housing units about half of the houses, 47.9% were completely damaged while the remaining 52.1% were partially damaged. Three quarter (74.5%) of the houses were fully reconstructed or repaired and the rest of the damaged houses, 25.5% were partially repaired or reconstructed after the conflict. Vast majority of the respondents (81.4%) could not afford to buy the construction materials for their damaged houses. Slightly above the quarter (26.4%) 0f respondent stated that their damage was between Rs 0.8 to 1.5 Million per household. Only 63% respondents were assisted with some financial aid by government or other organization. The assistance ranging from 100,001 to 800,000 rupees per family depending on the circumstances. Some 61.7% respondents were unsatisfied from the financial aids given to them, because they were not consulted when decision was made about the financial aid. The percentage of the respondent whose houses were improved due to reconstruction process was 42.6% and the rest 57.4% did not made any improvement in their houses. The reconstruction process was slow due to time consuming procedure and difficult terrain. After the conflict 78.9% respondent said that housing condition was suitable for living because they themselves built. About 79.3% of the respondent were satisfied from the security of the area while a small number of respondents, 20.7%said, the area is still unsafe due lack of restoring normal situation, uncertainty, lack of empowerment and incomplete dwelling units.

Ahmad H, Sirajuddin.1996. Ethno botanical profile of Swat, Pro- First Train.Workshop Ethnob.Appl. Concerv. NARC, Islamabad 202-211.

Barakath S, Elkahlout G, Jacoby T. 2004. The Reconstruction of Housing in Palestine 1993-2000: A Case Study from the Gaza Strip. Housing Studies 19(2), 175-192.

Barakath S. 2003. Housing Reconstruction after Conflict and Disaster, Humanitarian Practice. Network paper, Overseas Development Institute London 43(1), 1-40.

Cuny FC, Tanner V. 1995. Spot Reconstruction, Disaster Prevention and Management, Working with Communities to Reduce Levels of Conflict 4(1), 12-20.

Goodhand J, Vaux T, Walker R. 2002. Conducting Conflict Assessments: Guidance Notes. Department for International Development (DFID) London 1-52.

Government of Pakistan. 1998. District Census Report Swat. Population census organisation, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

Government of Pakistan. 2009. Damage and needs assessment, immediate restoration and medium term reconstruction in crisis affected area. Asian Development Bank for Government of Pakistan 32-38.

Government of Pakistan. 2017. District Census Report Swat. Population census organisation, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

Javaid U. 2016. Evaluating Rehabilitation Process in FATA: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Political Studies 23(1), 323-339.

Mulk S. 2003. Ethno medicinal plants of Shawar valley, Swat. Unpublished M.Sc thesis, Department of Botany GPGC Swat, Pakistan.

Ratnayake RMGD, Raufdeen R. 2004. Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction: Comparative Study of Donor Driven vs Owner Driven Approach. Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sirilanka 1067-1080.

Rugumamu S, Gbla O. 2003a. Studies in Reconstruction and Capacity Building in Post Conflict Countries in Africa: Some Lessons of Experience from Uganda. The African Capacity Building Foundation, University of Dares Salam Tanzania 21-37.

Steinberg F. 2007. Housing reconstruction and rehabilitation in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia – Rebuilding lives. Habitat International 31, 150-166.

Turner JFC. 1968. Housing Priorities, Settlement Patterns and Urban Development in Modernizing Countries. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 34(6), 54-63.

Zenkevicius G. 2007. Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Rebuilding Afghanistan- Is That Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Baltic Security & Defence Review 9, 28-5.

Zetter R. 2012. Shelter and Settlement for Forcibly Displaced People: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. University of Oxford, UK.

Related Articles

Agroforestry in woody-encroached Sub-Saharan savannas: Transforming ecological challenges into sustainable opportunities

Yao Anicet Gervais Kouamé, Pabo Quévin Oula, Kouamé Fulgence Koffi, Ollo Sib, Adama Bakayoko, Karidia Traoré, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(3), 10-22, September 2025.

Extreme rainfall variability and trends in the district of Ouedeme, municipality of Glazoue (Benin)

Koumassi Dègla Hervé, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(3), 1-9, September 2025.

Heterosis breeding, general and specific combining ability and stability studies in pearl millet: Current trends

Ram Avtar, Krishan Pal, Kavita Rani, Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Mahendra Kumar Yadav, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 117-124, August 2025.

Combining ability, heterosis and stability for yield and fibre quality traits in cotton: Breeding approaches and future prospects

Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Krishan Pal, R. P. Saharan, Ram Avtar, Mahendra Kumar Yadav, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 109-116, August 2025.

Bridging the COPD awareness gap in marginalized populations: Findings from a multicentre study in Khalilabad, Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Anupam Pati Tripathi, Jigyasa Pandey, Sakshi Singh, Smita Pathak, Dinesh Chaudhary, Alfiya Mashii, Farheen Fatima, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 97-108, August 2025.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer

P. Maheswari, P. Madhanraj, V. Ambikapathy, P. Prakash, A. Panneerselvam, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 90-96, August 2025.

Mangrove abundance, diversity, and productivity in effluent-rich estuarine portion of Butuanon River, Mandaue City, Cebu

John Michael B. Genterolizo, Miguelito A. Ruelan, Laarlyn N. Abalos, Kathleen Kay M. Buendia, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 77-89, August 2025.

Cytogenetic and pathological investigations in maize × teosinte hybrids: Chromosome behaviour, spore identification, and inheritance of maydis leaf blight resistance

Krishan Pal, Ravi Kishan Soni, Devraj, Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Ram Avtar, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 27(2), 70-76, August 2025.