African swine fever outbreak in Camiguin Island, Philippines: An analysis of biosecurity and control strategies
Paper Details
African swine fever outbreak in Camiguin Island, Philippines: An analysis of biosecurity and control strategies
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly disease that threatens swine populations and rural livelihoods. In Camiguin, Philippines, the first case was confirmed on July 2, 2022, leading to strict movement controls and biosecurity measures. This study analyzed the distribution, severity, and impact of ASF across the province’s five municipalities namely; Mambajao, Sagay, Mahinog, Catarman, and Guinsiliban while identifying likely infection sources and evaluating local control strategies.Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from Municipal Agriculture Officers and Agricultural Technicians through validated questionnaires covering pig losses, infection sources, and interventions. Both descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied for the analysis of the data. Findings showed uneven ASF distribution. Mambajao and Sagay were most affected, with 100% of barangays impacted. Mahinog had moderate spread (76.92%), while Catarman and Guinsiliban experienced more localized outbreaks (28.57% and 33.33%). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in distribution (p < 0.05), suggesting local factors such as swine density, pork movement, and farm biosecurity. Mambajao was identified as the epicenter, with over 500 pigs affected. Major infection sources included swill feeding and contaminated pork movement (27.8%), poor biosecurity (21.1%), and slaughter of infected pigs (17.8%). Minor factors included personnel, environmental, and vehicle transmission. Control strategies varied significantly. While biosecurity was widely practiced, quarantine, isolation, and wild pig avoidance were inconsistently applied. A significant association between municipality and strategy adoption (p = 0.002) reflected differences in resources and awareness. Overall, effective ASF control requires localized, resource-sensitive strategies combining strict biosecurity, community engagement, and targeted support.
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Nena V. Siaboc*, Libby Jay Roasol Cascon, 2026. African swine fever outbreak in Camiguin Island, Philippines: An analysis of biosecurity and control strategies. Int. J. Biosci., 28(4), 199-208.
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