Agromyzid leafminers and its natural enemies on vegetables (squash and tomato) in green houses
Paper Details
Agromyzid leafminers and its natural enemies on vegetables (squash and tomato) in green houses
Abstract
In Iraq, the leafminer, is one of the most destructive pests of vegetables. Vegetable crops, such as squash Curcurbita pepo L. and tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L were surveyed to record abundance and diversity of agromyzid leafminers and their natural enemy species. Population density of these pests were studied for the period from April to June 2014 in the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad- Abu Ghraib. Two leafminers were detected, including Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach) on squash crop and Phytomyza horticola Gaureue on tomato crop. The results revealed that infestation by Leafminer, L. bryoniae and P. horticola were initiated on leaves situated on the median level of squash and tomato plants, then on leaves of lower level. Because, adults don’t tend to lay eggs on young leaves so that reflected on larval density on these leaves. The rate of larvae numbers of tested insect through the growth season showed that squash’s and tomato’s leaves of median level were more preferred for leafminer’s larvae through the growth season. In addition, the results showed that significantly higher L. bryoniae on squash’s leaves than P.horticola on tomato’s leaves in all plant levels. Four hymenopteran parasites, including Diglyphus isaea, D. crassinervis and Neochrysocharis Formosa belong to the family Eulophidae were recorded on leafminers.
Al-Zubaidi, H. K. 1992. Biological control of insect pests. Dar Mosul. 603 pp.
Boucher S. 2008. Leaf-Miner flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae). P: 2163-2169. In: J.L. Capinera (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Entomology 4(2). Spriger.
Devkota S, Seal1 DR, Liburd OE, Ferguson S, Waddill C, Martin CG. 2016. Abundance of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its Parasitoids on Five Vegetable Crops in Southern Florida. J. J. Agriculture 2(1), 012.
Gencer H. 2004. A Study on the Chalcidoid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) Parasitoids of Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Ankara Province. Turk. J. Zool 28, 119-122.
Hawthorne DJ. 1999. Physiological not behavioural adaptations of leafminers to a resistant host plant. Environmental Entomology 228(4), 696-702.
Kang L, Chen B, Wei JN, Liu TX. 2009. The roles of thermal adaptation and chemical ecology in Liriomyza distribution and control. Annual Review of Entomology 54, 127-45.
Kececi M, Tepe S, Teksam I. 2008. Investigation on population fluctuations of vegetable leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), a pest in protected bean and Tomato cultivation, and its parsitoids in Antalya province. Bat: Akdeniz Tarimsal Arastirma Enstitusu derim dergisi, 25(2), 13-23.
Lasalle J, Parrella MP. 1991. The chalcidoid parasites (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of economically important Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in North America. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash 93(3), 571-591.
Leite GLD, Picanço M, Jham GN, Marquini F. 2004. Intensity of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae (and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) attacks on Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Leaves. Ciênc. agrotec., Lavras 28(1), 42-48.
Mekhlif AF, Abdul-Rassoul MS. 2002. Efficiency of parsitoids of pea leafminer Phytomyza horticola Goureau and their appearance time in the field. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus 9(4), 27-32.
Minkenberg O, Helderman CAJ. 1990. Effects of temperature on the life of Liriomyza byroniae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology 83(1), 117-125.
Minkenberg OPJ. 1989. Temperature effects on the life history of the eulophid wasp Diglyphus isaea, an ectoparasitoid of leafminers (Liriomyza spp.), on tomatoes. Annals of Applied Biology 115(3), 381-397.
Parrella MP, Jones VP, Youngman RR, Lebeck LM. 1985. Effect of leaf mining and leaf stipping of Liriomyza spp. on photosynthetic rates of Chrysanthemum. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am 78, 90-93.
Singh KB, Weigand S. 1996. Registration of three leafminer resistant chickpea germplasm lines: ILC 3900, ILC 5901, and ILC 7738. Crop Science 36, 472-475.
Tran DH. 2009. Agromyzid leafminers and their parasitoids on vegetables in central Vietnam. J. ISSAAS 15(2), 21-33.
Wardlow LR. 1984. Monitoring the activity of tomato leaf miner (Liriomyza bryoniae, Kalt.) and its parasites in commercial glasshouses in Southern England. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouw wetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent 49, 781-791.
Soolaf A. Kathiar, Nabaa A. Al Rada Mukuf, Saja H. AL. Abdulameer, Sawsan K. Flaih (2018), Agromyzid leafminers and its natural enemies on vegetables (squash and tomato) in green houses; JBES, V13, N2, August, P353-357
https://innspub.net/agromyzid-leafminers-and-its-natural-enemies-on-vegetables-squash-and-tomato-in-green-houses/
Copyright © 2018
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0