Allelopathic effects of wheat and barley on emergence and seedling growth of some weed species
Paper Details
Allelopathic effects of wheat and barley on emergence and seedling growth of some weed species
Abstract
In order to elucidate the allelopathic effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barely (Hordeum vulgar L.) on emergence and seedling growth of some weed species (Rumex crispus L., Datora stramonium L., Sisiymbrium irio L., Dausus carota L., Peganum harmala L., Cardaria draba L., Hordeum spontaneum L., Avena ludoviciana L., Chenopodium album L., Plantago lanceolata L., and Amaranthus retroflexus L.) under field condition an experiment was carried out as RCB design with three replications at Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Results showed H. spontaneum and S. riro have stimulatory effect on emergence percentage of wheat. However, these weeds species have inhibitory effect on EP of barley. Means root length of wheat by beside of H. spontaneum and A. ludoviciana were increased. However, root length of barley by beside of these weeds was significantly affected and reduced. Seedling of wheat has inhibitory effect on fresh weight of root of H. spontaneum. But, barley has stimulatory effect on this weed specie. D. stramonium by neighboring of wheat has the lowest shoot fresh weight. In contrast, SFW of this weed specie was improved by beside of barley seedling. Also, seedling of H. spontaneum and C. draba in the presence of wheat was produced the lowest root dry weight. Therefore, the response of wheat and barley were differently against the allelopathic material of weed species. In contrast, these crops had various effects on those weeds.
Batish DR, Singh HP, Rana N, Kohli RK. 2006. Assessment of allelopathic interference of Chenopodium album through its leachates, debris extracts, rhizosphere and amended soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 52 705–715.
Belz RG. 2007. Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions – an update. Pest Management Science, 63 308-326.
Cheema ZA, Khaliq A. 2000. Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in semi-arid region of Punjab. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environmental, 79 105–112.
Dadkhah A. 2012. Phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of eucalyptus, sunflower and sugar beet on seed germination, growth and photosynthesis of Amarabthus retroflexus. Allelopathy Journal, 29. Under Press.
Dadkhah A, Asaadi AM. 2010. Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on seed germination and growth seedlings of Acroptilon repens, Plantago lanceolata, and Portulaca oleracea. Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5, 430-434.
Ellis RH, Roberts EH. 1980. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodoxes seeds. Seed Science and Technology 9, 373-409.
Florentine SK, Westbrooke ME, Gosney K, Ambrose G, O’Keefe M. 2006. The arid lands invasive weed Nicotiana glauca R. Graham (Solanaceae): Population and soil seed bank dynamics, seed germination patterns and seedling response to flood and drought. Journal of Arid Environmental 66, 218-230.
Guenzi WD, McCalla TM. 1966. Phenolic acids in oat, wheat, sorghum and corn residue and their phytotoxicity. Agronomy Journal 58, 303–304.
Hedge RS, Miller DA. 1990. Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa: characterization and effects of preceding crops and residue incorporation. Crop Science 30, 1255–1259.
Herro JL, Callaway RM. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion. Plant and Soil 256, 29-39.
Liu DL, Lovett JV. 1993. Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. II. Phytotoxicity of barley allelochemicals. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19, 2231-2244.
McWhorter CG. 1984. Future needs in weed science. Weed Science 32, 850-855.
Misawa M, Goodbody AE. 1996. In: DiCosom F, Misawa M (eds), Plant Cell Culture Secondery Metabolism: Toward Industrial Application. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 123-128.
Nandal DPS, Birla SS, Narwal SS. 1999. Allelopathic influence of Eucalyptus litter on germination, yield and yield components of five wheat varieties. Proc. 1st Nat. Symp., Allelopathy in Agric Systems. 12-14 Feb.
Opoku G, Vyn TJ, Voroneym RP. 1997. Wheat straw placement effects on total phenolic compounds in soil and corn seedling growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 77, 301–305.
Porheidar-Ghafarbi S, Hassannejad S, Lotfi R. 2012. Allelopathic effects of wheat seed extracts on seed and seedling growth of eight selected weed species. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 19, 1452-1457.
Rice EL. 1984. Allelopathy, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, New York, p 421.
Rice EL. 1974. Allelopathy. Academic, New York.
Sánchez-Moreiras A. 2004. Whole plant stress response after BOA exposition. PhD Thesis. University of Vigo, Spain.
Siddiqui ZS, Zaman AU. 2004. Effects of systemic fungicide (benlate) on germination, seedling growth, biomass and phenolic contents of two different varieties of Zea mays. Pakistan Journal of Bottany 36, 577-582.
Siddiqui ZS, Zaman AU. 2005. Effects of Capsicum leachates on germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll accumulation in Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. Seedlings. Pakistan Journal of Botany 37, 941- 947.
Singh HP, Batish DR, Pandher JK, Kohli RK. 2005. Phytotoxic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus residues on three Brassica species. Weed Biological Management 5, 105–109.
Turk MA, Tawaha AM. 2002. Response of winter wheat to applied n with or without Ethrel spray under irrigation planted in semi-arid environments. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4, 464-466.
Yang CM, Chang LF, Lin SJ, Chou CH. 2002. Effects of three allelopathic phenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings I: inhibition of supply orientation. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 43, 299-304.
Sirous Hassannejad, Soheila Porheidar Ghafarbi, Ramin Lotfi, 2013. Allelopathic effects of wheat and barley on emergence and seedling growth of some weed species. Int. J. Biosci., 3(1), 128-134.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.