Allelopathic potential of littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) on seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Paper Details
Allelopathic potential of littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) on seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Abstract
In order to assess the allelopathic effects of littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) against barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) the root exudates bioassays were conducted using the equal-compartment-agar method. The experiments were conducted in laboratory of weed ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz Iran in 2012. Allelopathic effects of canary grass at different growing times (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days) were investigated on barley seedling growth. Results indicated that the co-growth of canary grass and barley induced barley root and shoot dry matter reduction. Canary grass growth for 9 and 12 days had the most inhibitive effect on barley shoot and root dry matter, respectively. To validate the allelopathic effect between canary grass and barley, activated charcoal was added to growth medium (2 % v/v) with different densities of canary grass seeds including 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 and 75 plants per beaker. Increasing canary grass density beyond 25 and 75 plants per beaker had no significant further effect on barley root and shoot dry matter, respectively. Thus the inhibition effect of canary grass was directed through root exudates, being greater on barley roots than on shoots growth. The allelopathic effect of canary grass root exudates was evaluated on four barley cultivars, including Karun, Afzal, Valfajr and Zarjou that were differed significantly. The greatest allelopathic impact was noticed on root growth of cv. Zarjou and shoot growth of cv. Karun.
Amini R, An M, Pratley J, Azimi S. 2009. Allelopathic assessment of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum): Bioassays. Allelopathy Journal 24, 67-76.
Amini R, Majnoun-Hosseini N, Eftekhari M. 2011. Evaluating the allelopathic effect of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedling growth. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 9, 1071-1073.
Amini R, Movahedpour F, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab A, Zafarani-Moattar P. 2012. Allelopathic assessment of common amaranth by ECAM. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3, 2268-2272.
Ankita G, Chabbi M. 2012. Effect of allelopathic leaf extract of some selected weed flora of Ajmer district on seed germination on Triticum aestivum L. Science Research Report 2, 311-315.
Arnold T, de Wet B. 1993. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. 825 p.
Bertin C, Weston LA, Huang T, Jander G, Owens T, Meinwald J, Schroeder FC. 2007. Grass roots chemistry: Meta-tyrosine, an herbicidal non-protein amino acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 16964-16969.
Bertin C, Yang X, Weston LA. 2003. The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil 256, 67-83. http://dx.doi.org.10.1023/A:1026290508166
Dhaewil B K, Walia US, Brar LS. 1997. Response of wheat to Phalaris minor Retz. Population density. Proceeding of Crop Protection Conference: Weeds. 1021-1024 p.
Dhima K, Eleftherohorinos I. 2003. Nitrogen effect on competition between winter cereals and littleseed canary grass. Phytoparasitica 31, 252-264.
Friebe A, Schulz M, Kuck P, Schnabl H. 1995. Phytotoxins from shoot extracts and root exudates of Agropyron repens seedlings. Phytochemistry 38, 1157-1159.
Huang Z, Haig T, Wu H, An M, Pratley J. 2003. Correlation between phytotoxicity on annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and production dynamics of allelochemicals within root exudates of allelopathic wheat. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29, 2263-2279. http://dx.doi.org.10.1023/A:1026222414059
Inderjit, Callaway RM. 2003. Experimental designs for the study of allelopathy. Plant and Soil 256, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org.10.1023/A:1026242418333
Jabran K, Farooq M, Hussain M, ur-Rehman H, Ali M. 2010. Wild oat (Avena Fatua L.) and canary grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) management through allelopathy. Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, 41–44.
Khan AH, Vaishya RD, Singh SS, Tripathi JS. 2001. Crop residues are allelopathic to Phalaris minor. Crop Research 22, 305-306.
Kobayashi A, Kim MJ, Kawazu K. 1996. Uptake and exudation of phenolic compounds by wheat and antimicrobial components of the root exudates. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 51, 527-533.
Kulmatiski A, Beard KH. 2006. Activated carbon as a restoration tool: potential for control of invasive plants in abandoned agricultural fields. Restoration Ecology 14, 251-257.
Malik R, Singh S. 1995. Little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) resistance to isoproturon in India. Weed Technology 9, 419-425.
Mandal S. 2001. Allelopathic activity of root exudates from Leonurus sibiricus L. (Raktodrone). Weed Biology and Management 1, 170-175. http://dx.doi.org.10.1046/j.14456664.2001.00027.x
Marwat KB, Hassan Z, Saeed M, Gul B, Noor S. 2005. Chemical weed management in wheat at higher altitudes. Pakistanian Journal of Weed Science Research 11, 103-108.
Namdari T, Amini R, Sanayei S, Alavi-Kia S, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab A. 2012. Allelopathic effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) root exudates on common bean seedling growth. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3, 1230-1234.
Narwal SS, Sarmah MK, Nandal DP. 1997. Allelopathic effects of wheat residues on growth and yield of fodder crops. Allelopathy Journal 4, 11-120.
Om H, Dhiman SD, Kumar S, Kumar H. 2002. Allelopathic response of Phalaris minor to crop and weed plants in rice–wheat system. Crop Protection 21, 699-705.
Pratley JE.1996. Allelopoathy in annual grasses. Plant Protection Quarterly 11, 213-214.
Rice EL. 1984. Allelopathy. 2nd Ed. New York: Academic Press.
Shad R, Siddiqui S. 1996. Problems associated with Phalaris minor and other grass weeds in India and Pakistan. Experimental Agriculture 32, 151-160.
Shimi P, Termeh F, 2004. Weeds of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture. Tehran. Iran.
Wu H, Pratley J, Lemerle D, Haig T. 2000. Laboratory screening for allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 259-266. http://dx.doi.org.10.1071/AR98183.
Rouhollah Amini (2013), Allelopathic potential of littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) on seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); JBES, V3, N12, December, P85-91
https://innspub.net/allelopathic-potential-of-littleseed-canary-grass-phalaris-minor-retz-on-seedling-growth-of-barley-hordeum-vulgare-l/
Copyright © 2013
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0