Alternations in biochemical structures of phytoplankton in Aswan Reservoir and River Nile, Egypt

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/02/2014
Views (189) Download (8)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Alternations in biochemical structures of phytoplankton in Aswan Reservoir and River Nile, Egypt

Howayda H. Adb El-Hady
J. Bio. Env. Sci.4( 2), 68-80, February 2014.
Certificate: JBES 2014 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

River Nile is an important resource for sustaining life. This study was carried out at Aswan Reservoir and the main stream of River Nile and focused on the seasonal and spatial variation of biochemical composition of phytoplankton and the effect of changes in physico-chemical parameters and different pollutants on it. Water samples were collected from fifteen sampling sites, where four sites from Aswan Reservoir and eleven from the main stream of River Nile and some of its drains from spring 2008 to winter 2009. The results of the environmental parameters showed wide variations in their concentrations along the different sites of the reservoir and River Nile. Data of phytoplankton biochemical contents in Aswan Reservoir gave the maximum contents of lipid in summer (16.6 mg/l), while the optimum season for proteins was winter (5.6 g/l), the clearest sites of the reservoir (R3 and R4) gave the maximum average values of carbohydrates and proteins. The study showed that the maximum yield of chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents was obtained in spring for both Aswan Reservoir and River Nile, while the major peak for both lipids and proteins of River Nile obtained in winter (10.34 mg/l and 6.06 g/l, respectively). The total biochemical contents (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are inhibited at drains of Kima, Com Ombo, Qus, Etsa and El-Hawamdia then elevated again by getting far away from the pollution source. It is concluded that the environmental parameters and different pollutants are the main factors controlling the biochemical contents of phytoplankton.

VIEWS 9

Abd El-Hady HH. 2008. Effect of environmental factors and different pollutants on biochemical contents of phytoplankton in Lake Manzala, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 34(2), 168-178.

Abd El-Hady HH, Hussian AM. 2012. Regional and seasonal variation of phytoplankton assemblages and its biochemical analysis in Ismailia Canal, River Nile. Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 8(7), 3433-3447.

Abd El-Karim MS. 2005. Phytoplankton, In: Review of the previous studies. Challenge Program (Project # 34), Improved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirs, Lake Nasser (Egypt). National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.

Abdel-Satar AM. 1998. Distribution of some chemical elements in River Nile environments at Great Cairo Region. Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Cairo University.

Abdel-Satar AM. 2001. Environemental studies on the impact of drains effluent upon southern sector of Lake Manzalah, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 5(3), 17-30.

Abdel-Satar AM. 2005. Water quality assessment of River Nile from Idfo to Cairo. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 31(2), 200-223.

Abdel-Satar AM, Elewa AA. 2001. Water quality and environmental assessments of the River Nile at Rossetta Branch, The Second International Conference and Exhibition for Life and Environment, 3-5 April, 136-164.

Abdo SM, Hetta MH, Salah El Din RA, Ali GH. 2010. Growth evaluation and bioproduct characteristics of certain freshwater algae isolated from River Nile, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 6(6), 642- 652.

Agricultural Policy Reform Program 2002. Survey of Nile system pollution sources, Ministry of water resources and irrigation, Agricultural Policy Reform Program – Water Policy Program, Report No. 64.

Allan JA. 2009. Nile Basin asymmetries: a closed fresh water resource, soil water potential, the political economy and Nile Tran boundary hydro politics. In H.J. Dumont (ed.), The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae, Springer, Dordrecht. [A multi-author monographs book, in which thirty-seven authors have taken up the challenge and have written chapters cover the origin, environments, limnology and human use of the River Nile].

Anantharaj K, Govindasamy C, Natanamurugaraj G, Jeyachandran S. 2011. Effect of heavy metals on marine diatom Amphora coffeaeformis (Agardh. Kutz). Global Journal of Environmental Research 5(3), 112-117.

Anon AM. 2007. Environmental studies on Lake Manzalah, final report on Lake Manzalah, Abdel-Satar, A. M. (eds), freshwater and lake division – National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 103.

APHA (American Public Health Association) 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, New York, 1193.

APHA (American Public Health Association) 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association, AWWA. WCPF. Washington D.C., USA, 20005.

Biswas AK, Tortajada C. 2012. Hydropolitics and impacts of High Aswan Dam. Springer, Berlin, forthcoming.

Brouwer JFC, de Deckere EMGT, Stal LJ. 2003. Distribution of extracellular carbohydrates in three interidal mudflats in Western Europe. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 56, 313-324.

Chabrol E, Castellano A. 1961. SPV (Sulphophosphovanillin) method for estimation of total serum lipid. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 57, 300.

Daume S, Long BM, Crouch O. 2003. Change in amino acid content of algal feed species (Navicula sp.) and the effect on growth and survival of juvenile abalone (Haliotis rubra). Journal of Applied Phycology 15, 201-207.

David JH, Hazel P. 1993. Analytical biochemistry. Hand Book, 18 ed. 497.

Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hmilton JK, Repers PA, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 18, 350-356.

El-Attar SA. 2000. Changes in physico-chemical characters and phytoplankton structure of El-Salam Canal in the west of Suez Canal region. Egyptian Journal of Phycology 1, 1-13.

El-Sheekh MM. 2009. River Nile pollutants and their effect on organisms and water quality. In H. J. Dumont (ed.), The Nile. Monographiae Biologica 89, 395–405. Springer, Dordrecht.

EL-Sheekh MM, Deyab MAI, Desouki SS, Eladl M. 2010. Phytoplankton composition as a response of water quality in El Salam canal, Hadous drain and Damietta Branch of River Nile Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42(4), 2621-2633.

El-Sheikh MA, Saleh HI, El-Quosy DE, Mahmoud AA. 2010. Improving water quality in polluted drains with free water surface constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering Journal 36, 1478– 1484.

Eltahir EA. 2004. Sustainability considerations of big dams: Merwe, Nile Basin, Paris, Anthony, Teresa Yamana and Susan Young, Working paper.

Ezz El–Deen SM. 2006. Environmental studies on zooplankton and phytoplankton in some polluted areas of the River Nile and their relation with the feeding habit of fish. Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University. 180.

Ezzat MN, Shehab H, Hassan AA, El-Sharkawy M, El Diasty A, El-Assiouty I. 2002. Survey of Nile system pollution sources. Report No. 64, Agricultural Policy Reform Program-Water Policy Program, United States Agency for International Development/Egypt.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 1997. Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach. The Nile basin FAO Land and Water Bulletin 4. Land and Water Development Division. FAO, Rome.

Fishar MRA, Khalifa USA. 2003 (eds.): Status of biodiversity of River Nile, Workshop hold at British Council, 9 December, Cairo, Egypt. 80 pp.

Fishar MR, Thorne R, Williams WP. 2006. Physico-chemical conditions and macroinvertebrate fauna in the River Nile from Aswan to Cairo. African Journal of Aquatic Science 31(2), 247–259.

FitzPatrick M, Sarah MS. 2009. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton populations and the effect on sedimentation and trophic consumption in lakes: A stable isotope and lipid biomarker study. State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science and Forestry, 131 pages.

Franqueira D, Orosa M, Torres E, Herrero C, Cid A. 2000. Potential use of flow cytometry in toxicity studies with microalgae. Science of the Total Environment 247, 119–126.

George DG, Heaney SI. 1978. Factors influencing the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small productive lake. Journal of Ecology 66, 133–155.

Gharib SM, Abdel-Halim AM. 2006. Spatial variation of phytoplankton and some physico-chemical variables during the highest flood season in Lake Nasser (Egypt). . Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 32(1), 246-263.

Gurbuz H, Kivrak E. 2002. Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology 23, 239–246.

Hammad DM, Ibrahim LA. 2012. Influence of iron and silicon speciation on the abundance of diatoms in River Nile. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 8(1), 556-570.

Hammad-Doaa M, Radi MM. 2010. Ecological study on the impact of pollutants in the River Nile, agricultural and industrial drainage water on phytoplankton diversity (Helwan and Cairo Governorates). Engineering Research Journal 125, 1-34.

Hanlon ARM, Belling B, Haynes K, Xiao G, Hofmann TA, Gretz MR, Ball AS, Osborn AM, Undrewood GJC. 2006. Dynamics of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and loss in an estuarine, diatoms-dominated, microalgal biofilm over a tidal emersion period. Limnology and Oceanography 51(1), 79-93.

Ibrahim EA, Mageed AA. 2005. Aquatic organisms. In: Studies on the dispersion of algae and macrophytes in Lake Nasser, Egypt (in Arabic). NWRC, Ministry of Irrigation, pp. 25–60.

Khalifa N, Abd El-Hady HH. 2010. Some investigation on zooplankton and biochemical contents of phytoplankton in Wadi El-Rayan Lakes, Egypt. World Applied Science Journal 11(9), 1035-1046.

Masoud MS, Elewa AA, Abdel-Halim AM. 2002. Some environmental analysis on Nile water. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 6(3), 377-398.

Mohammed AA, Ahmed AM, Mohammed ZA. 1986. Studies on phytoplankton of the Nile system in Upper Egypt. Limnologica, (Berlin) 17(1), 99-117.

National Water Research Centre (NWRC): WL/DELFT Hydraulics 2000. National Water Resources Plan for Egypt, Water Quality and pollution control. Technical Report No. 5.

Okamoto OK, Pinto E, Latorre LR, Bechara EJ, Colepicolo P. 2001. Antioxidant modulation in response to metal-induced oxidative stress in algal chloroplasts. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 40, 18-24.

Okay OS, Donkin P, Peters LD, Livingstone DR. 2000.  The  role  of  algae  (Isochrysis  galbana) enrichment on the bioaccumulation of benzo[a]pyrene and its effects on the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Environmental Pollution 110, 103– 113.

Pinto E, Sigaud-Kutner TCS, Leitão MAS, Okamoto OK, Morse D, Colepicolo P. 2003. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress in algae. Phycology 39, 1008–1018.

Rabeh SA. 2009. Bacteria and viruses of the Nile. In H. J. Dumont (ed.), The Nile. Monographiae Biologica 89, 407–430. Springer, Dordrecht.

Saad MAH, Goma RH. 1994. Effects of the High Dam and Aswan cataract on the chemical composition of the Nile waters. I: Major anions, Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie 25, 1812-1815.

Sabae S.Z. 2004. Monitoring of microbial pollution in the river Nile and the impact of some human activities on its waters. In: Proceeding of the third international conference on biological science, vol. 3. Faculty of Science, Tanta Univ. 200–14.

Salem TA. 2011. Variation of water quality and phytoplankton along different zones of Aswan High Dam Reservoir. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 15(2), 87 – 104.

Samaan AA. 1974. Primary production of Lake Edku. Bulletin National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF) 4, 261-317.

Sarthou G, Timmermans KR, Balain S, Tréguer P. 2005. Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review. Journal of Sea Research 53, 25-42.

Shaaban AM, Mansour HA, Saber AA. 2011. Relationships between total chlorophyll and phytoplankton individuals of Rosetta Branch of River Nile, Egypt. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 10, 257-265.

Shehata SA, Ali GH, Wahba SZ. 2008. Distribution pattern of Nile water algae with reference to its treatability in drinking water. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 4(6), 722-730.

Shehata SA, Badr SA. 2010. Water quality changes in River Nile Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 6(9), 1457-1465.

Shehata SA, Badr SA, Ali GH, Ghazy MM, Moawad AK, Wahba SZ. 2009. Assessment of Nile water quality via phytoplankton changes and toxicity bioassay test. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 5(12), 2083-2095.

Sobhy EHM. 2006. Distribution of phytoplankton and epipelic microalgal. Communities of Lake Manzala, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Girls. Ain-Shams University. Egypt, 268pp.

Sobhy EHM. 2008. Phytoplankton of River Nile, In M. S. Abd El-Karim (ed.), Final Report of Biodiversity of River Nile Project, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria and Cairo (in Arabic).

Soltan ME. 1995. Effect of Kima drain wastewater on the Nile River. Environment International 12, 459-464.

Talling JF, Sinada F, Taha OE, Sobhy EMH. 2009. Phytoplankton: Composition, Development and Productivity. In H. J. Dumont (ed.), The Nile. Monographiae Biologica 89, 367-395. Springer, Dordrecht. [A multi-author monographs book, in which thirty-seven authors have taken up the challenge, and have written chapters cover the origin, environment, limnology and human use of the River Nile].

Torres MA, Barros MP, Campos SCG, Pinto E, Rajamani S, Richard T, Sayre RT, Colepicolo P. 2008. Biochemical biomarkers in algae and marine pollution: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 71, 1–15.

Toufeek MAF, Koriu, MA. 2009. Physicochemical characteristics of water quality in Lake Nasser water. Global Journal of Environmental Research 3(3), 141-148.

Tudoranc C, Taylor WD. 2002. Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes, 289 pp. Backhuys, Leiden. UNEP (1991). Environmental data report. 3rd edn. Basil Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, UK.

Uriarte I, Roberts R, Farias A. 2006. The effect of nitrate supplementation on the biochemical composition of benthic diatoms and the growth and survival of post-larval abalone. Aquaculture 261, 423-429.

Wahaab RA, Badawy MI. 2004. Water quality assessment of the River Nile system: an overview. Biomedical and Environmental sciences 17(1), 87-100.

World Bank 2005. “Country Environmental Analysis (1992-2002)” Arab Republic of Egypt, Water and Environment Department, The Middle East and North Africa Region. World Bank.