Anti-fungal activity of plant extracts for the management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaiedis in vitro
Paper Details
Anti-fungal activity of plant extracts for the management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaiedis in vitro
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaiedis is the causal organism for vascular wilt, a major disease of oil palm. An experiment was conducted in Cameroon from 2014 to 2015, to assess the anti-fungal activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Eleusine indica, Diospyros crassiflora, Fagara heitzii and Milicia excelsa for the management of the pathogen. The plants were tested at concentrations of 0 (negative control), 50 and 100% aqueous extracts and 100% methanol extract. The positive control was a commercial fungicide (Mancozan). Results revealed that at 3, 7 and 10 days after exposure (DAE), the fungicide and both extracts of most of the plants inhibited mycelia growth of the fungus significantly (p<0.05) compared to the negative control. The aqueous leaf extract of all the plants showed significantly better activity against the fungus than the methanol leaf extract. With the exception of F. heitzii, the fungicide and aqueous extract of all plants had more than 50% inhibitory effect on the pathogen at 7 and 10 DAE. The most effective aqueous extract of the plants against the pathogen were 100% E. indica and both concentrations of M. excelsa at 10 DAE. However, Mancozan was more effective at inhibiting fungal growth than M. excelsa by 20-27%, E. indica by 30–36%, D. crassiflora by 35-37% and F. heitzii by 63–98% at both concentrations tested at 10 DAE. In conclusion, E. indica, M. excelsa and D. crassiflora showed promising anti-fungal activity.
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