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Antibacterial activity of leaves methanolic extract of Tanikkara (Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg) against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus

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Research Paper 11/09/2023
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Antibacterial activity of leaves methanolic extract of Tanikkara (Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg) against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus

Hetty Manurung, Imam Rosadi, Dwi Susanto, Muhammad Fauzi Arif, Retno Aryani, Rudy Agung Nugroho
Int. J. Biosci.23( 3), 185-192, September 2023.
Certificate: IJB 2023 [Generate Certificate]
Key: AntibacterialMedicinal plantsTanikkara (Dillenia excelsa)

Abstract

Traditionally, tanikkara- Dillenia excelsa (Family: Dilleniaceae) is used as a cooking spice and as a medicine for diarrhea, fever and heartburn. However, the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of the D. excelsa leaves has not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of D. excelsa leaves against several bacteria: Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative, and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus as Gram-positive bacteria. Extraction was carried out by maceration method with 96% methanol and then screened for phytochemical constituents.  The extract was dissolved using sterile distilled water to a concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. The antimicrobial test was carried out by the well diffusion method using Nutrient Agar (NA). The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured to determine the antibacterial activity. Gentamycin Sulfate 0.1% was used as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of D. exelsa leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and triterpenoids. The antibacterial test showed that leaves extract of D. excelsa could inhibit the growth of S. typhi, E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus with the inhibition zone diameters of 0.04-4.89, 0.60-7.68, 0.26-8.05, 0.04-4.89mm successively. The higher the concentration of the extract, the wider the diameter of the inhibition zone for all types of test bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were more resistant to tanikkara leaf extract at the highest extract concentration.

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