Antibacterial and teratogenic activity of Eleusine indica leaf extracts
Paper Details
Antibacterial and teratogenic activity of Eleusine indica leaf extracts
Abstract
The present study determined the antibacterial activity of E. indica against E. coli and S. aureus at 12, 24 and 36 hrs of incubation. Also, its teratogenic potential using zebrafish as a model animal was made. Malformations which include stunted-tail, growth retardation, yolk deformity, and delayed development were observed. Similarly, mortality rate, hatchability and heartbeat of zebrafish embryo were also noted. Results showed bacterial inhibition against E. coli at 12, 24 and 36 hrs of incubation. For the teratogenicity of E. indica, LC50 of ethanol and hot water extracts was computed at 2200 ppm and 12890 ppm, respectively. Also, exposure of zebra fish embryo to ethanol extract of 10000 to 5000 ppm caused 100%mortality at 24 hours of incubation and reduced heartrates for the surviving embryos. Furthermore, malformations were also recorded which include stunted-tail, growth retardation, yolk deformity and delayed development. Thus, the potential antibacterial activity against E. coli and teratogenic potential of E. indica ethanol extracts.
Agati G, Azzarello E, Pollastri S, Tattini M. 2012. Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance. Plant Science 196, 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.014.
Al-Zubairi AS, Abdul AB, Abdelwahab SI, Peng CY, Mohan S, Elhassan MM. 2009. Eleucine indica possesses antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep091
Anderson D. 2003. Persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Current Microbiology 6, 452-456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2003.09.001
Arsad SS, Esa NM, Hamzah H. 2014. Histopathologic changes in liver and kidney tissues from male Sprague Dawley rats treated with Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott extract. Journal of Cytology and Histology S4, 001. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.
Awanchiri SS, Van Dufat HT, Chishirri J, Dongfack MDJ, Nguenang GM, Boutefnouchet S, Fomum ZT, Seguin E, Verite P, Tillequin F, Wandji J. 2009. Triterpenoids with antimicrobial activity from Drypetes inaequalis. Phytochemistry 70 (3), 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.12.017
Jahfar M. 2003. Glycosyl Composition of Polysaccharide from Tinospora Cordifolia Acta Pharmaceutica 53, 65.
Baradaran A, Nasri H, Nematbakhsh M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. 2014. Antioxidant activity and preventive effect of aqueous leaf extract of Aloe Vera on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Clinical Therapeutics 165 (1), 7–11 https://doi.org/10.7471/CT.2014.1653.
Cowan MM. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Review 12(4), 564-582.
Dulay RMR, Kalaw SP, Reyes RG, Alfonso N, Eguchi F. 2012.Teratogenic and Toxic effects of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom,Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. (Higher Basidiomytes), on zebrafish embryo as model. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 14, 507-512.
Iberahim R, Yaacob WA, Ibrahim N. 2015. Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of Eleusine indica (sambau). AIP Conference Proceedings 1678, 030013. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4931234
Koduru S, Grierson DS, Afolayan AJ. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of olanum aculeastrum. Pharmaceutical Biology 44(4), 283–286.
Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararaju D. 2005.. Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, 125-134.
Lather A, Valecha R, Sharma K, Garg M. 2011. Worldwide potential of plants causing teratogenicity. Review Article Spatula 1(2), 102.
Nair R, Chanda S. 2004. Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants of Saurashtra Region. Journal Tissue Residence 4, 117-120.
Rabe T, Van Staden J. 1997. Antibacterial activity of South African plants used for medicinal purposes. Journal of Ethno pharmacology 56(1), 81–87.
Srivastava J, Lambert J, Vietmeyer N. 1996. Medicinal plants: An expandingrole in development. World Bank Technical Paper.
Talhi O, Silva AMS. 2012. Advances in Cglycosyl flavonoid Research. Current Organic Chemistry 16(7), 859-896.
WHO. 2002. Traditional Medicine: Growing needs and potential who policy perspectives on medicines, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X, Ren L. 2015. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medical Chemistry 22(1), 132-49.
Joanna May G. Lindain, Rich Milton R. Dulay, Mary Jhane G. Valentino, 2018. Antibacterial and teratogenic activity of Eleusine indica leaf extracts. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 13(4), 131-140.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.