Antimicrobial activities, essential element analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa
Paper Details
Antimicrobial activities, essential element analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa
Abstract
The main aims of this study was to identify all the bio active compounds present in the Mirabilis jalapa plant (leaves and stem) qualitatively by using four different solvent system (water, n-hexane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate). The qualitative study show the presence of phytochemicals like, carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannin, protein etc. but some compounds like, Cumarin,, saponin etc. were not identified. The determination of trace amount of the essential elements in the leaves and stem of Mirabilis jalapa plant was also the part of this research, the essential elemental analysis shows the presence of elements like, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, in different concentrations in both the leaves and stem of the plant. The antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis Jalapa were investigated against four strains of bacteria, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants extract show high sensitivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and least sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus. The percent zone inhibition was also determined by comparing the zone inhibition of the extract with standards. Ethanolic leaves extract was also used to determine the sensitivity against fungi. Penicellium and Rhizopus strains were taken and the extract shows high sensitivity against Penicellium than Rhizopus. Moreover, the current research work will help to introduce new and cost effective antibiotic resources and will help to solve the problem of resistance develop by microbes against allopathic antibiotics.
Benoitvical F, Valentin A, Mallic M, bassierc JM. 2001. Anti-plasmodialactivity of Colchlospermum planchonii and C. tentorium tubercle essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research 13(1), 65-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2001.9699609
Daniel M. 2006. Medicinal plants chemistry and properties. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, U.S.A.
Edeoga HO, Okwu D, Mbaebie BO. 2005. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian Medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 4(7), 685-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-312
Ferdous AJ, Islam SM, Ahsan M, Hassan CM, Ahmad ZV. 1992. In vitro antibacterial activity of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds against multiple drug-resistant isolates of Shigella spp and isolates of Vibriocholerae and Escherichia coli: Phytotherapy Research 6(3), 137-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650060307
Habila JD, Bello IA, Dzikwe AA, Ladan Z, Sabiu M. 2011. Comparative Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Four Medicinal Plants Native to Northern Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(5), 537.
Harborne JB. 1973. Phytochemical methods, London Chapman and Hall, Ltd, UK.
Hérouart D, Sangwan RS, Fliniaux MA, Sangwan-Norreel BS. 1988. Variations in the Leaf Alkaloid Content of Androgenic Diploid Plants of Datura anoxia. Planta Med 54, 14-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962320
Hill AF. 1952. Economic Botany. A textbook of useful plants and plant products. 2nd edn. McGarw-Hill Book Company Inc, New York.
Holdsworth DK. 1992. A preliminary study of medicinal plants of Easter Island, South Pacific. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 30(1), 27-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209209054626
Javanmardi J, Stushnoff C, Locke E, Vivanco JM. 2003. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Iranian Ocimum accessions. Journal of Food Chemistry 83(4), 547-550. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00151-1
Kambu K, midi Phenzu, N Coune C, Wauter JN, Angenot L. 1982. Plants Medicine ET Phytotherapie, 34.
Krishnaiah D, Sarbatly R, Bono A. 2007. Phytochemical antioxidants for health and medicine – A move towards nature. Biotechnology Molecular Biology Review 2(4), 097-104.
Kushad M, Masiuymas J, Smith M, Kalt W, Eastman K. 2003. Health Promoting Phytochemicals in Vegetables. Horticultural reviews 28, 125-185.
Lemos TLG, Matos FJA, Alencar JW, Crareiro AA, Clark AM, Chesnary JD. 1990. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Brazilian plants. Phytotherapy Research 4(2), 82-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650040210
Mahato SB, Sen S. 1997. Advances in terpenoids research, 1990-1994. Phytochemistry 44(7), 1185-1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00639-5
Manandhar NP. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal Timber Press. Oregon.
Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. 1995. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine 2(2), 137-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80059-0
Mohammed MT. 2007. Study of Some Vinca Rosea (Apocynaceae) Leaves Components and Effect of Its Extract on Different Microorganisms”, Al-Mustansirya Journal of Science 18(1), 28-36.
Oladunmoye MK. 2007. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extract of Mirabilis Jalapa. Trends Medical Research 2(2), 108-112.
Palaksha MN, Ravishankar K, Girija Sastry V.2013. Evaluation of in-vitro antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of Melochia corchorifolia plant extracts. International journal of Biological and Pharmacy Research 4(8), 577-581.
Santos FA, Rao VSN, Silveria ER. 1998. Investigations on the antinociceptive effect of Psidium guajava leaf essential oil and its major constituents. Phytotherapy Research 12(1), 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10991573(19980201 )12:1<24:AID-PTR181>3.0.CO;2-B.
Satheesh KB, Suchetha KN, Vadisha SB, Sharmila KP, Mahesh PB. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. Nitte University Journal of Health Science 2(4), 34-38.
Tyler V. 1994. Phytomedicines in Western Europe: their potential impact on herbal medicine in the United States Herbalgram 30, 24-30.
Vardar-Unlu G, Cadan F, Sokmen A, Deferera, Polissiou M, Sokmen M, Donmez E, Tap Bektas. 2003. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae) Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 51(1), 63-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf025753e
Yang SW. 2001. Three new phenolic compounds from a manipulated plant cell culture, Mirabilis Jalapa. Journal of Natural Products 64, 313-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0004092
Syed M. Salman, Iltaf Ud Din, Ghausia Lutfullah, Durr e Shahwar, Zarbad shah, Abdul Waheed Kamran, Saleem Nawaz, Shaukat Ali, 2015. Antimicrobial activities, essential element analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa. Int. J. Biosci., 7(4), 186-195.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.