Assessment of Aflatoxin Level in Stored Wheat of Godowns of Hyderabad Division and Decontamination by UV Radiation
Paper Details
Assessment of Aflatoxin Level in Stored Wheat of Godowns of Hyderabad Division and Decontamination by UV Radiation
Abstract
Cereals and their products play crucial role as supplier of energy globally and among cereals wheat is the most important cereals in this regard and is known to be the Pakistan’s 4th major crop. Wheat at all stages of growth and storage subject to numerous problem of deterioration due to the mycotoxin colonization which not only contaminate wheat but also hazardous to human and animal when consumed as food or feed therefore in present study efforts were made to reduce the aflatoxin contamination load from wheat, for this purpose UV radiation of time dependent dose (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes) was used to decontaminate aflatoxin and results observe that 80-90% and 65-73% decrease in the aflatoxin in both wheat samples exposed that is wheat exposed as open grain and the grain packed in sacks. After UV treatment the residues examination showed that residues was become within the MRLs set by FDA except wheat samples packed in the sack, Bolhari and Sehwan that were at the borderline of risk with 20 ng/g concentration and Aarazi showed residue (21 ng/g) which was found above the limit after the 5 minutes exposure time. UV was found to be most effective method in reduction level of aflatoxin from wheat and protect grain from deterioration during storage, provide safe food or feed consumption and minimize the annual wheat loss.
AACC. 2000. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 10th edn.St. Paul, Minnesota , USA.
Abdullah N, Nawawi A, Othman I. 1998. Survey of fungal counts and natural occurrence of aflatoxins in Malaysian starch-based foods. Journal of Mycopathology 143, 53-8.
Adebajo LO and Diyaolu SA. 2003. Mycology and spoilage of retail cashew nuts. African Journal of Biotechnology 2, 369-373.
Alam S, Shah HU, Khan H, Magan N. 2012. The Effect of Substrate, Season, and Agroecological Zone on Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Contamination of Poultry Feed from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Mycopathologia 174, 341-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9545-8. Epub 2012 Apr 29.
Anjum FM, Ali A, Chaudhry NM. 1991. Fatty acid, mineral composition and functional (bread and chapati) properties of high protein and high lysine barley line. Journal of Scienceof Food and Agriculture 55, 511-519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740550403
Atalla MM, Hassanein NM, El-Beih AA, Youssef YA. 2004. Effect of Fluorescent and UV Light on Mycotoxin Production under Different Relative Humidities in Wheat Grains. International Journal of Agriculture Biology 6, 1006-1012.
Aziz NH, Smyk B. 2002. Influence of UV radiation and nitrosamines on the induction of mycotoxins synthesis by nontoxigenic moulds isolated from feed samples. Nahrung 46, 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/15213803(20020301)46:2 <118::AID-FOOD118>3.0.CO;2-#
Bennett JW, Dunn JJ, Goldsman CI. 1981. Influence of white light on production of aflatoxins and anthraquinones in Aspergillus parasiticus. Journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41, 488–91
Chu FS. 1991. Mycotoxins: food contamination, mechanism, carcinogenic potential and preventive measures. Journal of Mutation Research 259, 291–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(91)90124-5
Embaby EM, Nahed M, Ayaat NH, El-Hamid ABD, Mona M, Abdel-Galil AA, Yaseen M, Younos A. 2012. Detection of Fungi and Mycotoxin Affected Wheat Quality. Journal of Applied Science Research 8, 3382-3392.
FAO/WHO. 2007. First Session of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods, Discussion Paper on Aflatoxin Contamination in Brazil Nuts. World Health Organization, Beijing.
Fatma B, Chennaoui M, Hassen B, Mohamed RH. 2011. Survey of the mycobiota of freshly harvested wheat grains in the main production areas of Tunisia. African Journal of Food Science 5, 292-298.
Felipe MT, Douglas de ÁM, Yuri DP, Thaís BS, Glória MD, Marcelo EF, Tatiana S. 2014. Determination of Aflatoxins in Wheat and Wheat by products Intended for Human Consumption, Marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Food & Nutrition Research 10, 671-674.
Gras PW, Kaur S, Lewis DA, Riordan BO, Suter DAI, Thomson WKT. 2000. How and why to keep wheat quality constant. In: Australian Post Harvest Conference 195-198.
Garg N, Manjeet A, Saleem J, Rakesh K. 2013. Studies for optimization of conditions for reducing Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts using Ultraviolet Radiations. Internationa Journal of Drug Development and research 5, 408-424.
Gardner DW, Sharma G. 2000. Modeling UV induced inactivation ofmicroorganisms on surfaces. Journal of Food Protection 63, 63–70.
Herzallah SK, Alshawabekh, Fatafath A. 2008. Aflatoxin Decontamination of Artificially Contaminated Feeds by Sunlight, γ-Radiation and Microwave Heating. Journal of Poultry Science Association 17, 515-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2007-00107
Hussain A, Ali J, Akther S, Shafqat U. 2011. Degradation of aflatoxins by roasting in contaminated peanuts. Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 44, 56-59.
Lillard DA, Lantin RS. 1970. Some chemical characteristics and biological effects of photomodified aflatoxins. Journal of Association in Analytical Chemistry 53, 1060–1063
Mathur SB, Olga K. 2003. Common Laboratory seed healthy testing methods for detecting Fungi ,Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries Thorvaldsensvey 57, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark. Page no. 399.
Pariza WM. 1996. Toxic substances. In O. R. Fennema (Ed.), Food chemistry, New York: Marcel Dekker Ed. 3rd, 825–841.
Paterson R, Lima N. 2011. Further mycotoxin effects from climate change. Food Research International journal 44, 2555-2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.05.038
Pittet A. 1998. Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds an update review. Review Medical and Veterinary 149, 479-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12122
Ribiero C, Canada J, Alvarenga B. 2012. Prospects of UV radiation for application in postharvest technology. Journal of Food and Agriculture 24, 586-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v24i6.14677
Salem NM, Ahmad R. 2010. Mycotoxins in food from Jordan: Preliminary survey. Journal of Food Control 21, 1099– 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.01.002
Samarajeewa U, Sen AC, Cohen MD, Wei CIA.1990. Detoxification of aflatoxins in foods and feeds by physical and chemical methods. Journal of Food Protection 53, 489–501
Scudamore KA. 2005. Identifying Mycotoxins is Paramount in the fight against their spread. Journal of Word Grain 23, 36-39.
SPSS. Base16.0 User’s Guide, SPSS Inc. 2007.
Styriak I, Conkova E, Laciakova A, Buhm J. 1998. Prevention of fumonisin production by microorganism. Czeeh Journal of Animal Scinces 43, 449-452.
Sumbal GA, Shar ZH, Sherazi STH, Siraj U, Nizamani SM, Mahesar SA. 2015. Decontamination of poultry feed from ochratoxin A by UV and sunlight radiations. Journal of science and agriculture 23, [Epub ahead of print] http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7384.
Taheri N, Semnan S, Roshandel G, Namjoo M, keshavarzian H, Chogan AG, Ghasemi KF, Joshaghani H. 2012. Aflatoxin Contamination in Wheat Flour Samples from Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran. Iran Journal of Public Health 41, 42–47.
Van Egmond HP, Schothorst RC, Jonker MA. 2007. Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food: perspectives in a global and European context. Journal of Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 389, 147-157. Epub ahead of print http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1317-9
Wagacha JM, Muthomi JW. 2008. Mycotoxin problem in Africa: Current status, implications to food safety and health and possible management strategies. International Journal of Food Microbiology 124, 1 –12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.01.008
Yousef AE, Marth EH. 1987. Kinetics of interaction of aflatoxin M1 in aqueous solutions irradiated with ultraviolet energy. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 35, 785–789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00077a035
Allah Bux Ghanghro, Mahvish Jabeen Channa, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh, Shafi Muhammad Nizamani, Irshad Hussain Ghanghro (2016), Assessment of Aflatoxin Level in Stored Wheat of Godowns of Hyderabad Division and Decontamination by UV Radiation; IJB, V8, N1, January, P8-16
https://innspub.net/assessment-of-aflatoxin-level-in-stored-wheat-of-godowns-of-hyderabad-division-and-decontamination-by-uv-radiation/
Copyright © 2016
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0