Assessment of heavy metals concentration in mud cuttings of reserve pit 7 in Twiga 1 well pad South Lokichar Basin relative to acceptable levels in drinking water
Paper Details
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in mud cuttings of reserve pit 7 in Twiga 1 well pad South Lokichar Basin relative to acceptable levels in drinking water
Abstract
Mud cuttings forms the largest volume of the waste generated during petroleum oil and gas drilling. Most often they are stored in reserve pits before final disposal which mostly is being spread in agricultural farms after incineration or being buried with shallow soil in reserve pits. Barite (Barium Sulphate) often added as a weighting agent to drilling muds to counteract pressure in the geological formations being drilled inhibiting well blow out contain elevated levels of heavy metals. These heavy metals contaminate the mud cuttings during the drilling process and if poorly managed these cuttings can leach out and contaminate underground water ecosystems. X-ray Florence machine was used to determine the heavy metals concentrations in the mud cuttings. The heavy metals concentration detected in the reserve pit was in the order of Iron> Calcium> potassium> lead> Manganese> Copper andd Nickel with their average values being 70.74ppm, 62.57ppm, 8.14ppm, 4.58ppm, 1.58ppm, o.21ppm and 0.05ppm respectively. The results indicated that heavy metals such as Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Lead (Pb) concentration levels in the mud cuttings were all above World Health Organization (WHO), and United State Environmental Agency (USEPA), recommended levels for consumption water posing a potential danger to human and animal health in case of exposure.
Adesodun JK. 2007. Distribution of heavy metals and hydrocarbon contents in an alfisol contaminated with waste-lubricating oil amended with organic wastes.
Agbonifo PE. 2015. The Dilemma in Nigerian Petroleum Industry Regulations and Its Socioeconomic Impact on Rural Communities in the Niger Delta 2(5), 84-92.
Agwu OE, Akpabio JU, Akpabio MG. 2016. Exploration and production Industry in Nigeria 198-212.
Ajugwo AO. 2013. Negative Effects of Gas Flaring: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health 1(1), 6-8.
Al-haleem AA, Awadh SM, Saeed EA. 2013. Environmental Impact from Drilling and Production of oil Activities : Sources and Recommended Solutions. International Conference on Iraq Oil Studies, Irani Jourll Science 11-12.
Al-haleem AA, Saeed EA, Abdulwahab DA. 2013. On-Site Disposal and Burial of Pit Wastes (Two Southern Iraqi Oil Fields) 11-12.
Bakke T, Klungsøyr J, Sanni S. 2013. Environmental effects of produced water and drilling waste discharges from the Norwegian offshore petroleum industry. Marine Environmental Research 92, 154-169.
Balgobin A. 2012. Assessment of toxicity of two types of mud cuttings from a drilling rig on the Trinidad East coast using Metamysidopsis insularis.
Bassey FI, Tesi GO, Nwajei GE, Tsafe AI. 2013. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Cassava Processing Mills in Sub-Urban Areas of Delta State, Southern Nigeria 1 C. M. A. 21(2), 96-104.
Conant J, Fadem P. 2012, 2008. A Community Guide to Environmental Health.
Devold H. 2013. Oil and gas production handbook an introduction to oil and gas production, transport, refining and petrochemical industry. Retrieved from https://library.e.abb.com/public/34d5b70e18f7d6c8c1257be500438ac3/Oil and gas production hand booked_web.pdf
Katarina S, Engineering P. 2006. Offshore_ Drilling_and_Environmental_Protection, 1-11.
Knez D, Gonet A, Fija J, Czekajjh L. 2006. Trends in the Drilling Waste Management 11, 80-83.
Mahurpawar M. 2015. Effects of heavy metals on human health. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah 2350(0530), 2394-3629.
Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor ASSR. 2012. World’s largest Science , Technology & Medicine Open Access book publisher Overview of Environmental Management by Drill Cutting Re-Injection Through Hydraulic Fracturing in Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
Mbithe M. 2016. Department of Chemistry Determination of selected Physico-chemical Parameters and heavy metals in Ngamia-5 Oil exploratory Well Reserve pit in Turkana County, Kenya.
Namuyondo E. 2014. Sustainability and Oil exploration in Uganda, the case of Uganda’s Albertine Region, 1-59.
Neff JM. 2008. Estimation of bioavailability of metals from drilling mud barite. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 4(2), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1897/IEAM_2007-037.
Neff JM, McKelvie S, Ayers RCJ. 2000. Environmental Effects of Synthetic Based Drilling Fluids. U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service, 141.
O’Rourke D, Connolly S. 2003. The distribution of environmental and social effects of oil production and consumption. Annual Reviews 28(1), 587-617.
Ogwu FA. 2011. Challenges of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network and the role of Physical Planners in Nigeria Friday Adejoh Ogwu School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, UK. Forum E Journal, 10(June), 41-51.
Onwukwe SI, Nwakaudu MS. 2012. Drilling Wastes Generation and Management Approach 3(3), 252-257.
Plänitz E, Kuzu D. 2015. Oil Production and the Transformation of Livelihoods of Communities in Ghana, (March), 1-85.
Vaughan A. 2012. How to drill a well in five easy steps. AOGA Legislative Seminar.
David Mugendi, Caleb Mireri, Jacob Kibwage (2019), Assessment of heavy metals concentration in mud cuttings of reserve pit 7 in Twiga 1 well pad South Lokichar Basin relative to acceptable levels in drinking water; JBES, V15, N1, July, P86-93
https://innspub.net/assessment-of-heavy-metals-concentration-in-mud-cuttings-of-reserve-pit-7-in-twiga-1-well-pad-south-lokichar-basin-relative-to-acceptable-levels-in-drinking-water/
Copyright © 2019
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0