Assessment of horticultural crops biodiversity in Kermanshah Province
Paper Details
Assessment of horticultural crops biodiversity in Kermanshah Province
Abstract
Biodiversity is one of the important indices for assessment of agroecosystems sustainability. Unfortunately, the benefits of biodiversity are ignored in the agroecosystems. Therefore, the present study was conducted for evaluating horticultural crops biodiversity of Kermanshah province in the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University during 2012. Data were collected by the Ministry of Agriculture of Iran. The results of biodiversity criteria indicated high diversity among the fruits species cultivated in the province. The number of cultivated species was estimated 24. Among the cities, Dalahoo, Paveh, Harsin ,Salas-e-Babajani and Ravansar had the most Shannon index while Qasr-e-Shirin exhibited the least species, Shannon index, diversity evenness and Sorensen’s similarity index. Long-term mutual effects of different climatic elements on living organisms create fixed and specific biologic conditions so that in each climate we find certain plants with particular adaptations which have similar and specific growth and developmental characteristics and of a predefined tolerance against environmental factors. With the increase of altitude and the environment becoming mountainous, the cultivation of horticultural crops increased. Kermanshah Province, due to the territorial diversity of species diversity was sufficient for horticultural crops.
Altieri MA. 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 73,19–31.
Yanga EA. 2011. Climate change and ASEAN presented at the first international conference in international relatins,Bangkok: Thammasat University.
Barnes BV. 1998. Forest ecology, John Wiley and Sons. INC. 773, pp.
Benton TG, Vickery JA, Wilson JD. 2003. Farmland biodiversity: is habitat hetrogeneity the key. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(4),182-188.
Biala K, Peeters A, Muys B, Hermy M, Brouckaert V, Garcia V, Van der Vaken B, Valckx J. 2003. Biodiversity indicators as tools to assess sustainability levels of agroecosystem, with a special consideration of grassland areas. Options Me’diterrane’ennes, Series A. No.67.
Binswanger HP, McIntire J. 1987. Behavior and material determinants of production relations in land abundant tropical agriculture. Economic Development and Cultural Change 36,73-99.
Bladocchi D. 2005. Characterizing the vegetation. Part IV. Plant functional types, biogeography. Department of Envivonmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA,USA.
Blaikie PM. 1971. Spatial organization of agriculture in some north Indian village: part II. Transactions of Instiute of British Geographers 53,15-30
Boserup E. 1965. The conditions of agricultural growth:the economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Earthscan publications, London.
Caldera K, Jain AK, Hoffert MI. 2003. Climate sensitivity uncertainty and the need for energy without CO2 emissin. Science. 299,2052-2054.
Ghorbani R. 2010. Ecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.
Goncalves-Gomes E, de Mello JC , da Silva e Souza G, Angulo Meza L, Mangaberia JA. 2009. Efficiency and sustainability assessment for a group of farmers in ABrazilian Amazon. Ann Oper Res. 169,167-181.
Hashemi Shadegan F, Khoshbakht K, Mahdavi Damgani A,Veisi H, Liaghati, H. 2010. Survey of agrobiodiversity in Gachsaran county and influence of climatic factors. Journal of Agroecology 2(1),1-11
Jackson LE, Rosenstock T, Thomas M, Wright J, Symstad A. 2009. Managed ecosystems: biodiversity and ecosystem functions in landscapes modified by human use. In: Naeem, S., Bunker, D., Hector, A., Loreau, M., Perrings, C. (Eds.), Biodiversity and Human Impacts. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 178–193 (Chapter 13).
Jenkins MA Parker. 1998. Composition and diversity of woody vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests, Forest ecology and management, 109, 57-73.
Khajehpur M. 2006. Climatic Regionalization. 9th congress of crop science, Tehran University.
Koocheki A, NasiriMahallati M, ZareaFizabadi A, Jahanbin M. 2005. Diversity of cropping systems in Iran (In Persian with English Abstrac) Pajouhesh&Sazandegi. No 63, 70 – 83.
Koocheki A, Nasiri Mahallati M, Asgharipoor MR, Khodashenas A. 2005. Biodiversity of fruits and vegetables in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. Vol. 2. No. 1.
Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. London: Croom Helm.
Malhi Y, Meir S Brown. 2002. Forests, carbon and global claimate. In:Capturing carbon and conserving biodiversity- The market approach. Edited by I. R. Swingland. London:Earthscan. 15-41.
McMillan DE, Sanders JH, Koeing D, Akwabi-ameyaw K, Painter TM. 1998. New land is not enough:agricultural performace of new lands settlement in West Africa. World Development 26,187-211.
Meff GK, Carroll CR. 1997. Principle of Conservation Biology, 2nd Edition, Sinaucr Associates, Sunderland.
NasiriMahallati M, Kooheki A, Rezvani P, Beheshti A. 2002. Agroecology (Translation). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.
Oxfam. 2002. Drouth releif in souther Ethiopia. Sustainable water supply and food secueity systems established by Oxfam partner Action for development (AFD) has helped hundreds of communities in southern Ethiopia survive severe drought. www. Oxfamamerica.org (accessed june 1.2006).
Pimentel D. 1993. Climate changes and food supply. Forum for applied and public policy. 8/4, 54-60.
Pimentel D, Stachow U, Takacs DA, Brubaker HW, Dumas AR, oNeil JJAS, Corzillu DB. 1992. Conserving biological diversity in agricultural/ forestry systems Biosience. 32, 353-362.
Power AG. 2010. Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 365, 959–2971.
Reardon T, Barrett CB, Kelly V, Savadogo K. 2001. In: lee, D. R., Barrett, C. B(Eds), Tradeoffs or Synergies?Agricutural Intensification, Economic Development and the Environment. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Ruthenberg H. 1980. Farming systems in Tropics, second ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Stocking M. 1999. Agrobiodiversity: A positive means of addressing land degradation and suitable rurallivelihoods. In: Conacher, A. J. (Ed.), Land Degradation; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 1-16.
Thapa GB, Rasul G. 2005. Patterns and determinants of agricultural in Chittagong hill tracts of Bagladesh. Agricultural Systems.84, 255-277.
Thompson RL. 1998. Public policy for sustainable agriculture and rural equity. Food policy 23,1-70.
Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Wanger Th, Jackso Ln. 2012. Global food security, biodiversity conservation and future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation. 151, 53-59.
Turner II BL, Brush SB. 1987. Comparative farming systems. The Guildford Press, New York.
Van Ittersum MK, Ewert F, Heckelei T, Wery J, Olsson JA, Andersen E, Bezlepkina I, Brouwer F, Donatelli M, Flichman G, Olesson L, Rizzoli AE, van der Wal T, Wien JE, Wolf J. 2008. Integrated assessment of agricultural systems-a component-based framework for the European Union (SEAMLESS) Ageicultural Systems 96, 150-165. www.kermanshah.agri-jahad.ir www.kermanshahmet.ir
Shahla Allahyari, Mahmood Khoramivafa, Saeid Jalali Honarmand, Farzad Mondani, 2014. Assessment of horticultural crops biodiversity in Kermanshah Province. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 4(6), 96-105.
Copyright © 2014 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.