Assessment of morphological and geological environment of manganese containing area in South West of Côte d’Ivoire
Paper Details
Assessment of morphological and geological environment of manganese containing area in South West of Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract
The vast majority of manganese indices in the southern Ivorian are closely associated with the birimian formations. Manganese containing formations are mainly located in the upper part of the birimian, particularly in a volcanic and sedimentary environment. Indeed, the Guitry environment includes sedimentary, volcano-sedimentary, and metamorphic formations intruded into various granitoids. Their alteration leads to three major genetic types of minerals: ore in forms of interstratified lenses in the schist from direct oxidation of gondites; dismantling ore from these lenses, forming clusters of blocks, resulting from in situ fragmentation of the previous ore; hardened ore linked to the process of alteration and leaching of the above mentioned ores, then a concentration of manganese following a lateritic type pedological profile. The most economically interesting deposit consists of dismantling surface areas, including highly enriched clusters (90 % of exploitable ore), where manganese is found only in the form of secondary oxides, packaged in a clay soil. During the eburnean orogenesis, the initial manganese containing sediments were transformed to varying degrees in metamorphic rocks. Soils derived from the alteration of these birimian rock formations are known as brunified soils.
Ansquer P. 2006. Caractérisation agroécologique des végétations prairiales naturelles en réponse aux pratiques agricoles. Apports pour la construction d’outils de diagnostic. Thèse de Doctorat, INRA, INP ENSAT, SEVAB, p. 261.
Arrouays D, Martin S, Lepretre A, Bourennane H. 2000. Short-range spatial variability of metal contents in soil on a one hectare agricultural plot. Communications in Soil Science. Plant Anal 31, 387-400.
Baize D, Girard MC, 1998. A Sound Reference Base for Soils : The “Référentiel Pédologique” . Eds Quae, p . 322 .
Benabbas C, Zeghdoud O, Boumedous S. 2008. Morphogeological features, neotectonics and instabilityland in eastern Algeria (Case of Constantine). Revista de geomorfologie 10, 23-29.
Bertrand R, Kilian J, Raunet M, Guillobez S, Bourgeon G. 1985. La connaissance des systèmes de paysages naturels, un préalable à la protection du milieu. L’approche morphopédologique. Recherche AgronomieGembloux 20, 545-559.
Beyala KKV, Ekodeck GE, Konfor, NI. 2001. Geochemical evolution of laterites in the preforest ecosystem on Southeast Cameroon : the Kandara area. AJST 2, 19-32.
Cheverry C, Gascuel-Odoux C. 2002. Les Français et leurs sols : essai de prospective à l’horizon 2030. Courrier Environnement 47, 5-14.
Colinet G. 2003. Elements traces dans les sols. Contribution à la connaissance des determinants et de leur distribution spatiale en region limoneuse Bèlge. Thèse de Doctorat. Univ. Sc. Agron. Gembloux, Belgique, p. 416.
Closson D, Engels P, Demaret X, 1999. The use of the soil map of Belgium in the assessment of landslide risk. Biotechnologie Agronomie Société et Environnement 3, 165-172.
Grandin G. 1968. Exogenesis aspects of the manganese deposit of Grand Lahou (Côte d’Ivoire). Chronologie Mines et Recherches Minières 36, 199-206.
Grandin G, Perseil EA. 1977. The manganese deposit of Mokta (Ivory Coast). Mineralogical transformations of minerals by meteoric action. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 7, 309-317.
Janjirawuttikul N, Umitsu M, Tawornpruek S. 2011. Pedogenesis of acid sulfate in the lower central plain of Thailand. International Journal of Soil Science 6, 77-102.
Loukili M, Bock L, Engles P, Mathieu L. 2000. Approche géomorphologique et Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) pour la gestion des terres au Maroc. Etude et Gestion des Sols 7, 37-52.
Perseil EA, Grandin G. 1985. Altération supergène des protores à grenats manganésifères dans quelques gisements d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Mineral. Deposita 20, 211-219.
Ruellan A, Dosso M. 1993. Regards sur les sols. Collection « Universités francophones », Éditions Foucher-AUPELF, Paris, p. 192.
Surendran U, Murugappan V. 2010. Pragmatic approches to manage soil fertility in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agronomy 9 , 57-69.
Vidal M, Alric G. 1994. The palaeoproterozoic (Birimian) of Haute-Comoé in the West African craton, Ivory Coast: a transtensional back-arc basin. Precambrian Resarch 65, 207-229.
Warin A, Bernaerdt R, Delcarte E, Maesen Ph, Naud J, Marcoen JM. 2004. Development of a harmonized system for monitoring the quality of land in the Walloon Region anticipating the future European directive on soil. Biotechnologie Agronomie Société et Environnement 8, 69-82.
Wedepohl KH. 2004. The composition of Earth’s upper crust, natural cycles of elements, natural resources. In : Merian E., Anke M., Ihnat M., Stoeppler M. (ur.) Elements and their compounds in the environment, Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, vol. 1, str, 2-16.
Wright IJ, Reich P, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender-Bares J, Chapin FS, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M, Flexas J, Garnier E, Groom PK, Gullas J, Hikosaka K, Lamont BB, Lee T, Lee W, Lusk C, Midgley JJ, Navas ML, Niinemets U, Oleksyn J, Osada N, Poorter H, Poot P, Prior L, Pyankov VI, Roumet C, Thomas SC, Tjoelker MG, Veneklaas EJ, Villar R. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428, 821-827
Yusuf AA, Yusuf HA. 2008. Evaluation of stratégies for soil fertility improvement in Northern Nigeria and the way forward. Journal of Agronomy 7, 15-24.
Pouclet A, Doumbia S, Vidal M. 2006. Geodynamic setting of the Birimian volcanism in central Ivory Coast (western Africa) and its place in the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Man Shield. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, March 2006, v, p. 177.
Rossi G. 1989. Examples of tropical morphopedology. Soltrop 89, 87-105.
Krogba Yves Nangah, Kouassi Tehua Pascal Angui, Yao Kouman Nestor Kouakou, Guy Fernand Yao, Konan Alphonse Alui, Kouame Antoine N’Guessan, Albert Yao-Kouame, Issiaka Savane (2013), Assessment of morphological and geological environment of manganese containing area in South West of Côte d’Ivoire; JBES, V3, N1, January, P23-32
https://innspub.net/assessment-of-morphological-and-geological-environment-of-manganese-containing-area-in-south-west-of-cote-divoire/
Copyright © 2013
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0