Assessment of the environmental condition of Lake Urmia by combining DPSIR framework and productivity model (Ishikawa)
Paper Details
Assessment of the environmental condition of Lake Urmia by combining DPSIR framework and productivity model (Ishikawa)
Abstract
As one of the most important and valuable aquatic ecosystems of Iran, Lake Urmia was announced as a national park in the early 70’s, and as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1976. Also this lake is considered an internationally important wetland, and in 1975 was introduced to (1971-Ramsar) convention of wetlands preservation as a vital area for birds. It is necessary to note that Lake Urmia is the second largest salt water lake in the world after the Dead Sea. Studies warn of serious threats to the lake’s ecosystem and signs of reduction of ecologic mechanisms due to human activities. Adjustment and storage of the river water behind dams, and channeling the water from rivers that flow to the lake for agricultural and drinking purposes and hence reducing the water entering the lake, flow of urban and industrial untreated sewage and agricultural wastewater to the lake, and construction of Shahid Kalantari highway affecting the water circulation. In this article, first with the use of Ishikawa technique, the important and determining factors in drying of Lake Urmia were identified. Then with the help of DPSIR model, they were analyzed and the impacts and responses caused by these pressures were explained. In the end the important and effective factors contributing to drying of Lake Urmia (human activities including agriculture and planting with high water consumption, and construction of numerous dams in the water basin of the rivers flowing to the lake) were identified.
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