home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Assessment of the responses of cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeder’s germplasm to cassava mosaic virus (CMD) infection in Kenya

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/04/2015
Views (321) Download (30)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Assessment of the responses of cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeder’s germplasm to cassava mosaic virus (CMD) infection in Kenya

Geoffrey Sing’ombe, E. Ateka, D. Miano, S. Githiri, Theresia Munga, Samuel Mwaura
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.6( 4), 120-129, April 2015.
Certificate: IJAAR 2015 [Generate Certificate]
Key: CassavaCMDELISAPCRSeverity

Abstract

Cassava is an important cash crop in tropical lands and in Kenya is grown for income and food covering 77,502 ha with an output of 841,196 tons. Most cassava breeding programmes use symptom expression for selection and detection of viruses. Molecular and/or serological techniques to accurately diagnose viruses are required. Information on the responses of varieties to virus infection helps in assessing rate of crop degeneration over time. This study evaluated seven cassava breeders germplasm (08/363, F10-30-R2, Nl, Tajirika, E-Mariakani), a local susceptible (Kibanda meno) and improved (Shibe) to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) under high disease pressure conditions. The populations of whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadis), severity and incidence of CMD were recorded during the growth period. Infection was determined through symptom severity, disease incidence, ELISA and PCR assays. The mean numbers of whiteflies was higher in the dry season (3 MAP) compared to the wet season (6 MAP) of crop growth. The CMD disease incidence was highest in Kibanda meno (>70%) and lowest in Shibe and Tajirika. The mean CMD severities in the tested genotypes was highest in Kibanda meno (>1.5) and lowest in Shibe and Tajirika. PCR proved a more sensitive disease diagnostic tool as compared to ELISA in the detection of cassava mosaic virus. However both ELISA and PCR detected CMD in asymptomatic cassava samples. The study confirms that the absence of CMD infection cannot be assumed by only looking for the absence of visual symptoms on the leaves underscoring the need for multiple detection tools.

VIEWS 15
Cover PDF

Adjata KD, Muller E, Aziadekey M, Gumedzoe YMD and Peterschmitt M. 2008b. Incidence of Cassava Viral Diseases and First Identification of East African cassava mosaic virus and Indian cassava mosaic virus by PCR in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Fields in Togo. American Journal of Plant Physiology 3, 73-80.

Adjata KD, Muller E, Peterschmitt OT, Crumedzoe YMD. 2008a. Molecular evidence for the Association of a strain of Uganda variant of East African cassava mosaic virus to symptom severity in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) fields in Togo. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 5(4), 196-201).

Appiah AS, Amoatey HM, Klu GYP, Afful NT, Azu E, Owusu GK. 2012. Spread of African cassava mosaic virus from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in Ghana. Journal of Phytology 3(12), 35-40.

Ariyo OA, Dixon AGO, Atiri GI. 2005. Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) infestation on cassava genotypes grown at different eco-zones in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Entomology 98(2), 611– 617.

Bakker W. 1970. Rice yellow mottle virus, a mechanically transmissible disease of rice in Kenya. Netherland Journal of Plant Pathology 76, 53–63.

Doyle JJ, Doyle JL. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12, 13–15.

Doyle JJ, Doyle JL. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantitiesof fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19, 11 – 15.

Eusebio AA. 1992. Serological detection of papaya ringspot (PRSV) in the Phillipines. (BS Thesi) college. Laguna Phillipines: University of the Phillipines Los Banos.

FAO. 2003. January 2007. http://www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_en.asp

Fargette D, Muniyappa V, Fauquet C, N’Guessan P, Thouvenel JC. 1993. Comparative epidemiology of three tropical whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. Biochemie 75, 547-554.

Fauquet CM, Fargette D. 1990. African cassava mosaic virus: etiology, epidemiology and control. Plant Disease 74, 404-411.

Fondong VN, Pita JS, Rey MEC, de Kochko A, Beachy RN, Fauquet CM. 2000. Evidence of synergism between African cassava mosaic virus and a new double-recombinant geminivirus infecting cassava. Journal of General Virology 81, 287-297.

Fargette D, Colon LT, Bouveau R, Fauquet C. 1996. Components of resistance of cassava to African cassava mosaic virus. European Journal of Plant Pathology 102, 645–654.

Legg JP, Jeremiah SC, Obiero HM, Maruthi MN, Ndyetabula I, Okao-Okuja G, Bouwmeester H, Bigirimana S, Tata-Hangy W, Gashaka G, Mkamilo G, Alicai T, Kumar PL. 2011. Comparing the regional epidemiology of cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak virus pandemics in Africa. Virus Research 159, 161-170.

Martin RR. 1998. Advanced Diagnostic Tools as an Aid to Controlling Plant Virus Disease. In: Plant virus disease control. Hadidi, A, Khetarpal, RK, Koganezawa, H (Eds). American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota, USA. 399-416 P.

Mangrauthia SK, Singh Shakya VP, Jain RK, Praveen S. 2009. Ambient temperature perception in Papaya Ringspot Interaction. Virus genes 38, 429-434.

Monger  WA,  Seal  S,  Cotton  S,  Foster  GD. 2001a. Identification of different isolates of Cassava brown streak virus and development of a diagnostic test. Plant Pathology 50, 768–775.

Monger WA, Seal S,  Isaac AM,  Foster GD. 2001b. Molecular characterization of the Cassava brown streak virus coat protein. Plant Pathology 50,527–534.

Ogbe FO. 2001. Survey of cassava begomoviruses in Nigeria and the response of resistant cassava genotypes to African cassava mosaic begomovirus infection. PhD thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Okorogri EB, Adetimirin VO, Ssemakula G, Odu B, Dixon AGO. 2010. Rate of re-infection of tissue culture -derived cassava genotypes by mosaic disease. Africa Journal of Biotechnology 9(51), 8748-8753.

Perring TM. 2001. The Bemisia tabaci species complex. Crop Protection 20, 725-737.

Seal S, Coates D. 1998. Detection and Quantification of Plant viruses by PCR. In: Plant Virology Protocols. Forster, GD and Taylor, SC (Eds.). 81, 469-485.

Touly. 2013. Distribution, incidence and severity of viral diseases of yam (Dioscorea spp.) in Côte d’Ivoire. Africa journal of biotechnology 13(3), p. 465-470.

Rakotomalala M, Pinel-Galzi A, Albar L, Ghes-quière A, Rabenantoandro Y, Ramavovololona P, Fargette D. 2008. Resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus in rice germplasm in Madagascar. European Journal of Plant Pathology 122, 277–286.

Rozak, zdenka. 2013. Diagnostics of virus phytopathogens plum pox virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and prunus dwarf virus by Biological and molecular diagnostics.

Thresh JM, Fargette D, Otim-Nape GW. 1994. Effects of African cassava mosaic geminivirus on the yield of cassava. Tropical Science 34, 26-42.

Zhou X, Liu Y, Calvert L, Munoz C, Otim- Nape GW, Robinson DJ, Harrison BD. 1997. Evidence that DNA-A of a geminivirus associated with severe cassava mosaic disease in Uganda has arisen by interspecific recombination. Journal of General Virology 78, 2101-2111.

Submit Manuscript