Bacterial Blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice (Oryza Sativa L.), an overview

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/12/2016
Views (276) Download (9)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Bacterial Blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice (Oryza Sativa L.), an overview

Hamid Ali, Fida Muhammad Abbasi, Habib Ahmad
Int. J. Biosci.9( 6), 154-169, December 2016.
Certificate: IJB 2016 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight (BB) of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which constrain production of this staple crop in much of Asia and parts of Africa. Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the disease and breeding for resistance. Bacterial blight is a vascular disease resulting in a systemic infection of rice and it produces tannish-grey to white lesions along the veins. In rice there are 38 major genes for resistance to bacterial blight and more than 30 races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae have been reported. Genetic resistance of rice to BB isolates is diverse as the pathogen exhibit significant diversity among the isolates. There is also a remarkable structural and functional diversity among genes for resistance to these isolates. This article review the recent advances and progress made towards the ultimate goal of developing disease-resistant varieties of rice. The objective of this review is to consolidate the existing knowledge about bacterial blight in rice and the progress made both in conventional as well as in molecular dimensions of breeding together with potential findings and constraints.

VIEWS 14

Adhikari TB, Cruz C, Zhang Q, Nelson RJ, Skinner DZ, Mew TW, Leach JE. 1995. Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Asia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61(3), 966-971.

Ahmad W, Majid A. 1980. Incidence of Bacterial Blight of rice in the Punjab (Pakistan). IRRN 5, 5.

Akhtar MA, Zakria M, Abbasi FM. 2003. Inoculum buildup of bacterial blight of rice in rice-wheat cropping area of Punjab in relation to zero tillage. Asian Journal of Plant Science 2, 548-550.

Akthar MA, Akram M. 1987. Evaluation of national uniform rice yield trail 1985 against bacterial blight in Pakistan. IRRN 12, 6.

Ali A, Khan MH, Bano R, Rashid H, Raja NI, Chaudhry Z. 2009. Screening of Pakistani rice (Oryzae sativa) cultivars against Xanthomonas oryza pv oryzae. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(5), 2595-2604.

Bennetzen JL, Ma J. 2003. The genetic colinearity of rice and other cereals on the basis of genomic sequence analysis. Current opinion in plant biology. 6(2), 128-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266

Blair MW, Garris AJ, Iyer AS, Chapman B, Kresovich S, McCouch SR. 2003. High resolution genetic mapping and candidate gene identification at the xa5 locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107(1), 62-73. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/s00122-003-1231-2

Bradbury JF. 1984. Genus II. Xanthomonas Dowson. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Krieg, N.R. and Holt, J.G., eds), Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 199–210 P.

Brar DS, Khush GS. 1997. Alien introgression in rice. In Oryza: From Molecule to Plant Springer Netherlands, 35-47 P.

Cao LY, Zhuang JY, Yuan SJ, Zhan XD, Zheng KL, Cheng SH. 2003. Hybrid rice resistant to bacterial leaf blight developed by marker assisted selection. Rice Science 11(1-2), 68-70.

Chand T, Singh N, Singh H, Thind BS. 1980. Field efficacy of stable bleaching powder to control bacterial blight of rice. International Rice Research Newsletter.

Cheema KK, Grewal NK, Vikal Y, Sharma R, Lore JS, Das A, Bhatia D, Mahajan R, Gupta V, Bharaj TS, Singh K. 2008. A novel bacterial blight resistance gene from Oryza nivara mapped to 38 kb region on chromosome 4L and transferred to Oryza sativa L. Genetics Research 90(05), 397-407.

Chen S, Liu X, Zeng L, Ouyang D, Yang J, Zhu X. 2011. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a novel recessive gene xa34 (t) for resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Theoretical and applied genetics 122(7), 1331-1338. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/ s00122-011-1534-7

Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J, Ge X, Yuan B, Xu C, Li X, Fu B, Li Z, Bennetzen JL, Zhang Q. 2006. Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Genes & development 20(10), 1250-1255.

Dye DW. 1978. Genus IX Xanthomonas Dowson 1939. A proposed nomenclature and classification for plant pathogenic bacteria. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 153-177.

Gao DY, Xu ZG, Chen ZY, Sun LH, Sun QM, Lu F, Hu BS, Liu YF, Tang LH. 2001. Identification of a new gene for resistance to bacterial blight in a soma clonal mutant HX-3 (indica). Rice Genetics Newsletter 18, 66-68.

Goto M. 2012. Fundamentals of bacterial plant pathology. Academic Press.

Gu K, Tian D, Yang FW, Wu L, Sreekala C, Wang D, Wang GL, Yin Z. 2004.High-resolution ;genetic mapping of Xa27 (t), a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, Oryza sativa L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108(5), 800-807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1491-x

Gu K, Yang B, Tian D, Wu L, Wang D, Sreekala C, Yang F, Chu Z, Wang GL, White FF, Yin Z. 2005. R gene expression induced by a type-III effector triggers disease resistance in rice. Nature 435(7045), 1122-1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03630

Guvvala LD, Koradi P, Shenoy V, Marella LS. 2013. Making an Indian traditional rice variety Mahsuri, bacterial blight resistant using marker-assisted selection. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 16(2), 111-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s128920130009-6

He Q, Li D, Zhu Y, Tan M, Zhang D, Lin X. 2006. Fine mapping of Xa2, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice. Molecular Breeding 17(1), 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-005-8698-2 

Hilaire E, Young SA, Willard LH, McGee JD, Sweat T, Chittoor JM, Guikema JA, Leach JE. 2001. Vascular defense responses in rice: peroxidase accumulation in xylem parenchyma cells and xylem wall thickening. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 14(12), 1411-1419.

Ho BL, Lim WC. 1979. Effects of nitrogen and planting density on bacterial blight of rice. Malaysian agricultural journal.

Huang N, Angeles ER, Domingo J, Magpantay G, Singh S, Zhang G, Kumaravadivel N, Bennett J, Khush GS. 1997. Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice: marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95(3), 313-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050565   

Ishiyama S. 1922. Studies of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Report of the Imperial Agricultural Station, Nishigahara (Konosu). (45), 233-261.

Iyer AS, McCouch SR. 2004. The rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 encodes a novel form of disease resistance. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 17(12), 1348-1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1348

Jiang GH, Xia ZH, Zhou YL, Wan J, Li DY, Chen RS, Zhai WX, Zhu LH. 2006. Testifying the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 by genetic complementation and further analyzing xa5 (Xa5) in comparison with its homolog TFIIAγ1. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 275(4), 354-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-005-0091-7

Johri BN, Sharma A, Virdi JS. 2003. Rhizobacterial diversity in India and its influence on soil and plant health. In Biotechnology in India. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 49-89 P.

Jones RK, Barnes LW, Gonzalez CF, Leach JE, Alvarez AM, Benedict AA. 1989. Identification of low-virulence strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae from rice in the United States. Phytopathology 79(9), 984-990.

Joseph M, Gopalakrishnan S, Sharma RK, Singh VP, Singh AK, Singh NK, Mohapatra T. 2004. Combining bacterial blight resistance and Basmati quality characteristics by phenotypic and molecular marker-assisted selection in rice. Molecular Breeding 13(4), 377-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000034093.63593.4c

Kaur R, Grewal N, Das A, Vikal Y, Singh J, Bharaj TS, Sidhu JS, Singh K. 2005. 23. Inheritance of bacterial blight resistance in two accessions of wild rice, Oryza nivara.

Khan AJ, Jamil FF, Gill MA. 2000. Screening of rice varieties/lines against bakanae and bacterial leaf blight (BLB). Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 12(1), 6-11.

Korinsak S, Sriprakhon S, Sirithanya P, Jairin J, Vanavichit A, Toojinda T. 2009. Identification of microsatellite markers (SSR) linked to a new bacterial blight resistance gene xa33 (t) in rice cultivar ‘Ba7’. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 3(2), 235-247.

Kumar PN, Sujatha K, Laha GS, Rao KS, Mishra B, Viraktamath BC, Hari Y, Reddy CS, Balachandran SM, Ram T, Madhav MS. 2012. Identification and fine-mapping of Xa33, a novel gene for resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Phytopathology 102(2), 222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0075

Kurata N, Yamazaki Y. 2006. Oryzabase. An integrated biological and genome information database for rice. Plant physiology 140(1), 12-17.

Lee KS, Khush GS. 2000. Genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae rice. Rice Genetics Newsletter 17, 72.

Lee KS, Rasabandith S, Angeles ER, Khush GS. 2003. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice. Phytopathology 93(2), 147-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.2.147

Li ZK, Arif M, Zhong DB, Fu BY, Xu JL, Domingo-Rey J, Ali J, Vijayakumar CH, Yu SB, Khush GS. 2006. Complex genetic networks underlying the defensive system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(21), 7994-7999.

Li ZK, Luo LJ, Mei HW, Paterson AH, Zhao XH, Zhong DB, Wang YP, Yu XQ, Zhu L, Tabien R, Stansel JW. 1999.  A “defeated” rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Molecular and General Genetics 261(1), 58-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050941

Li ZK, Sanchez A, Angeles E, Singh S, Domingo J, Huang N, Khush GS. 2001. Are the dominant and recessive plant disease resistance genes similar? A case study of rice R genes and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae races. Genetics 159(2), 757-765.

LiLi M, ChunLian W, ChongKe Z, JinYing C, Ying G, YiChang W, GuiQuan L, KaiJun Z. 2010. Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to rice bacterial blight. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 43(15), 3051-3058.

Liu HX, Liu FQ, Hu BS, Yang WF, Chen ZY, Xu ZG. 2004. Virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on rice Near-isogenic lines with single resistance gene and pyramiding lines in China. Agricultural Sciences in China 3(10), 764-9.

Liu Q, Yuan M, Zhou YA, Li X, Xiao J, Wang S. 2011. A paralog of the MtN3/saliva family recessively confers race‐specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Plant, cell & environment 34(11), 1958-69.

Mew TW, Alvarez AM, Leach JE, Swings J. 1993. Focus on bacterial blight of rice. Plant disease 77(1), 5-12.

Mew TW, Vera Cruz CM, Medalla ES. 1992. Changes in race frequency of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in response to rice cultivars planted in the Philippines. Plant disease 76(10), 1029-1032.

Mew TW. 1987. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annual review of phytopathology 25(1), 359-382.

Mew TW, Majid A. 1977. Bacterial blight of rice in Pakistan. IRRN, 2(1), 5.

Mizukami T, Wakimoto S. 1969. Epidemiology and control of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Annual Review of Phytopathology 7(1), 51-72.

Nakai H, Nakamura S, Kuwahara S and Saito M. 1988. Genetic studies of an induced rice mutant resistant to multiple races of bacterial leaf blight. Rice Genetics Newsletter 5,101.

Narayanan NN, Baisakh N, Cruz V, Gnanamanickam SS, Datta K, Datta SK. 2002. Molecular breeding for the development of blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice cv. IR50. Crop Science 42(6), 2072-2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.2072

Noda T, Li C, Li J, Ochiai H, Ise K, Kaku H. 2001. Pathogenic diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains from Yunnan province, China. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 35(2), 97-103.

Noda T, Kaku H. 1999. Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in planta and in guttation fluid of rice. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 65, 9–14.

Noda T, Yamamoto T, Kaku H, Horino O. 1996. Geographical distribution of pathogenic races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Japan in 1991 and 1993. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 62, 549–553.

Noor A, Chaudhry Z, Rashid H, Mirza B. 2006. Evaluation of resistance of rice varieties against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Pakistan Journal of Botany 38(1), 193.

Nyvall RF. 1999. Field crop diseases. Ames, Iowa: State University Press.

Ochiai H, Inoue Y, Hasebe A, Kaku H. 2001. Construction and characterization of a Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacterial artificial chromosome library. FEMS microbiology letters 200(1), 59-65.

Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush GS, Mew TW, Kaku H. 1988. Near-isogenic lines as international differentials for resistance to bacterial blight of rice. Rice Genetics Newsletter 5, 106-107.

Ogawa T, Busto GAJ, Tabien RE, Romero GO, Endo N, Khush GS. 1991. Grouping of rice cultivars based on reaction pattern of Philippine races of bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Japan Journal of Breeding 41, 109–120.

Ou SH. 1973. A handbook of rice diseases in the tropics. A handbook of rice diseases in the tropics.

Ou SH. 1985. Rice diseases. IRRI.

Ou SH. 1972. Rice Diseases. Kew, Surrey: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

Pinta W, Toojinda T, Thummabenjapone P, Sanitchon J. 2013. Pyramiding of blast and bacterial leaf blight resistance genes into rice cultivar RD6 using marker assisted selection. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(28).

Porter BW, Chittoor JM, Yano M, Sasaki T, White FF. 2003. Development and mapping of markers linked to the rice bacterial blight resistance gene. Crop Science 43(4), 1484-1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1484

Reddy AP, Mackenzie DR, Rouse DI, Rao AV. 1979. Relationship of bacterial leaf blight severity to grain yield of rice. Phytopathology 69, 967-969.

Ronald P, Leung H. 2002. The most precious things are not jade and pearls. Science 296(5565), 58-59.

Ryba-White M, Notteghem JL, Leach JE. 1995. Comparison of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains from Africa, North America, and Asia by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. International Rice Research Notes (Philippines).

Sakthivel N, Mortensen C, Mathur S. 2001. Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in artificially inoculated and naturally infected rice seeds and plants by molecular techniques. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 56(3-4), 435-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530100641

Sanchez AC, Brar DS, Huang N, Li Z, Khush GS. 2000. Sequence tagged site marker-assisted selection for three bacterial blight resistance genes in rice. Crop Science 40(3), 792-797. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.403792x

Sattari A, Fakheri B, Noroozi M. 2014. Leaf blight resistance in rice: a review of breeding and biotechnology. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences 3(8), 895-902.

Shah SMA, Rehman H, Abbasi FM, Akhtar MA, Rafi A, Khan IA. 2009. Resistance characterization of wild relatives of rice in response to bacterial blight. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(2), 917-925.

Shimamoto K, Kyozuka J. 2002. Rice as a model for comparative genomics of plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 53(1), 399-419.

SiBin G, DuanPin Z, XingHua L. 2010. Identification and mapping of a novel bacterial blight resistance gene Xa35 (t) originated from Oryza minuta. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 43(13), 2611-2618.

Sidhu GS, Khush GS, Mew TW. 1978. Genetic analysis of bacterial blight resistance in seventy-four cultivars of rice, Oryza sativa L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 53(3), 105-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272687

Singh S, Sidhu JS, Huang N, Vikal Y, Li Z, Brar DS, Dhaliwal HS, Khush GS. 2001. Pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes (xa5, xa13 and Xa21) using marker-assisted selection into indica rice cultivar PR106. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 102(6-7), 1011-1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220000495

Singh K, Vikal Y, Singh S, Leung H, Dhaliwal HS, Khush GS. (2002) Mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene xa8 using microsatellite markers. Rice Genetics Newsletter 19, 94–97.

Sivamani E, Anuratha CS, Gnanamanickam SS. 1987. Toxicity of Pseudomonas fluorescens towards bacterial plant pathogens of banana (Pseudomonas solanacearum) and rice (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae). Current science 56(12), 547-548.

Song WY, Wang GL, Chen LL, Kim HS. 1995. A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21. Science 270(5243), 1804.

Sun X, Cao Y, Yang Z, Xu C, Li X, Wang S, Zhang Q. 2004.  Xa26, a gene conferring resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice, encodes an LRR receptor kinase‐like protein. The Plant Journal 37(4), 517-527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365313X.2003.01976.x

Sundaram RM, Vishnupriya MR, Biradar SK, Laha GS, Reddy GA, Rani NS, Sarma NP, Sonti RV. 2008. Marker assisted introgression of bacterial blight resistance in Samba Mahsuri, an elite indica rice variety. Euphytica 160(3), 411-422.

Swings J, Van den Mooter M, Vauterin L, Hoste B, Gillis M, Mew TW, Kersters K. 1990. Reclassification of the Causal Agents of Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) and Bacterial Leaf Streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola) of Rice as Pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama) sp. nov., nom. rev. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 40(3), 309-311.

Tan GX, Ren X, Weng QM, Shi ZY, Zhu LL, He GC. 2004. Mapping of a new resistance gene to bacterial blight in rice line introgressed from Oryza officinalis. Acta Genetica Sinica 31(7), 724-729.

Thri Murty VS, Devadath S. 1982. Studies on forecasting of bacterial blight of rice. Indian Phytopathology (India).

Vasudevan P, Kavitha S, Priyadarisini VB, Babujee L, Gnanamanickam SS. 2002. Biological control of rice diseases. Biological control of crop diseases. Gnanamanickam ed. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York 3, 11-32.

Vera Cruz CM, Ardales DZ, Skinner JT, Nelson RJ, Louws FJ, Mew TW, Leach JE. 1996. Measurement of haplotypic variation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae within a single field by rep PCR and RFLP analysis. Phytopathology 86, 1352-1359.

Vikal Y, Das A, Patra B, Goel RK, Sidhu JS, Singh K. 2007. Identification of new sources of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) resistance in wild Oryza species and O. glaberrima. Plant Genetic Resources 5(2), 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S147926210777661X

Waheed MA, Inamullah, Ali H, Sirajuddin, Ahmad H, Khan AQ, Khan A. 2009. Evaluation of rice genotypes for resistance against bacterial leaf blight. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(1), 329-335.

Wakimoto S, Mew TW. 1979. Predicting the outbreak of bacterial blight of rice by the bacteriophage method. Philippine Phytopathology 15, 81–85.

Wang C, Wen G, Lin X, Liu X, Zhang D. 2009. Identification and fine mapping of the new bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa31 (t), in rice. European journal of plant pathology 123(2), 235-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-008-9356-4

Wang W, Zhai W, Luo M, Jiang G, Chen X, Li X, Wing RA, Zhu L. 2001. Chromosome landing at the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4 locus using a deep coverage rice BAC l;ibrary. Molecular genetics and genomics 265(1), 118-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000382

Xie GL, Mew TW. 1998. A leaf inoculation method for detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola from rice seed. Plant disease 82(9), 1007-1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.9.1007

Yoshimura S, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Toki S, Wang ZX, Kono I, Kurata N, Yano M, Iwata N, Sasaki T. 1998. Expression of Xa1, a bacterial blight-resistance gene in rice, is induced by bacterial inoculation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95(4), 1663-1668.

Zhang Q, Lin SC, Zhao BY, Wang CL, Yang WC, Zhou YL, Li DY, Chen CB, Zhu LH. 1998. Identification and tagging a new gene for resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) from O. rufipogon. Rice Genetics Newsletter 15, 138-142.

Zhang Q, Wang C, Zhao K, Zhao Y, Caslana V, Zhu XD, Jiang Q. 2001) The effectiveness of advanced rice lines with new resistance gene Xa23 to rice bacterial blight. Rice Genetics Newsletter 18, 71.

Zheng CK, Chun-Lian WA, Yuan-Jie YU, Liang YT, Kai-Jun ZH. 2009. Identification and molecular mapping of Xa32 (t), a novel resistance gene for bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica 35(7), 1173-1180.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60089-9