Best time of spraying irradiated carrageenan on the growth, yield and root nodulation of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Paper Details
Best time of spraying irradiated carrageenan on the growth, yield and root nodulation of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Abstract
Applying potential foliar fertilizer for mungbean at the best time can help farmers increase their yield and, subsequently, their income. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the growth, yield, and root nodulation performance of mungbean as influenced by the time of spraying irradiated carrageenan. The study was conducted at Candon City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines from January to May 2021 employing Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks. The experimental treatments were as follows: T0: no application (control); T1: spraying at 6 a.m.; T2: spraying at 7 a.m.; T3: spraying at 8 a.m.; T4: spraying at 3 p.m.; T5: spraying at 4 p.m.; and T6: spraying at 7 p.m. The result of the study revealed significant differences in terms of survival rate (%), but no significant differences were noted in terms of number of days to emergence, flowering, and maturity, plant height at maturity (cm), number of pods per plant, length of the pod (cm), number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds (g), plant growth and vigor, nodule abundance and color, nodule position, and effective nodulation assessment. Spraying of irradiated carrageenan at 8 a.m. produced the highest seed yield per hectare (2514.00kg) however, did not vary significantly with other spraying times. It was noted that spraying irradiated carrageenan can increase the yield of mungbean by 9.95% to 28.57%. The result suggests that irradiated carrageenan can be sprayed early in the morning (6 a.m. to 8 a.m.) and late in the afternoon to early evening (3 p.m. to 7 p.m.) by the farmers in the locality. Seed inoculation should also be done by the farmers to improve the root nodulation of mungbean plants.
Abad LV, Dean GFO, Magsino GL, Dela Cruz RMM, Tecson MG, Abella MES, Hizon MGS. 2018. Semi-commercial scale production of carrageenan plant growth promoter by E-beam technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 143, 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem 2017.
Ather Nade M, Rashid R, Sarfraz Ahmad M. 2003. Effect of Seed Inoculation and Different Fertilizer Levels on the Growth and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Agronomy 3(1), 40-42. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.40.42
Crews T, Peoples M. 2004. Legume versus fertilizer sources of nitrogen: ecological tradeoffs and human needs. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 102(3), 279-297. https://doi.org/ 10.1016 /j.agee.2003.09.018
Dahiya PK, Linnemann AR, Van Boekel MAJS, Khetarpaul N, Grewal RB, Nout MJR. 2015. Mung Bean: Technological and Nutritional Potential. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 55(5), 670-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040 8398.2012
Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Plant Industry. 2010. The Mungbean Plant. Quezon City. https://library.buplant.da.gov.ph/images/1640929884The Mungbean Plant.pdf
Dogan HG. 2020. Projection Of Dry Beans Cultivation Area For Turkey: Case Of Center Anatolian Region. Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences 195-201. https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/8.922
Domingo A. 2023. Mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in a municipality in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 13(2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.55493/5005. 79
Dutta A, Trivedi A, Nath CP, Gupta D Sen, Hazra KK. 2022. A comprehensive review on grain legumes as climate‐smart crops: Challenges and prospects. Environmental Challenges 7, 100479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100479
Elobuike CS, Idowu MA, Adeola AA, Bakare HA. 2021. Nutritional and functional attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata [L] Wilczek) flour as affected by sprouting time. Legume Science 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.100
Feng H, Wang T, Osborne SL, Kumar S. 2021. Yield and economic performance of crop rotation systems in South Dakota. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/agg 196
Foyer CH, Lam HM, Nguyen HT, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Colmer TD, Cowling W, Bramley H, Mori TA, Hodgson JM. 2016. Neglecting legumes has compromised human health and sustainable food production. Nature Plants. 2(8), 16112. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.16.112
Gatan MG, Gatan M. 2019. Improved Integrated Crop Management System of Mungbean (Vigna radiata Linn) Production in Central Luzon. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal 7(2), 1-13.
Gil L. 2018. Philippines: Radiation-processed seaweed increases typhoon resistance of rice. International Atomic Energy Agency 59(3), 18-19. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/bulletin/bull59-3/5931819.pdf
Hermoso RS. 2022. Mungbean value-chain in cagayan valley region-highlights in-house webinar. Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Agricultural Research. https://bar.gov.ph/index.php/23-press-room/news-and-events/458-mungbean-value-chain-in-cagayan-valley-region-highlights-in-house-webinar
Hou D, Yousaf L, Xue Y, Hu J, Wu J, Hu X, Feng N, Shen Q. 2019. Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits. Nutrients 11(6), 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061238
Kebede E. 2021. Contribution, Utilization, and Improvement of Legumes-Driven Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Agricultural Systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5. https://doi.org /10.3389/fsufs.2021.767998
Kumar P, Choudhary A, Kumar S, Pareek B. 2020. Foliar Fertilization : An Approach To Enhance Nutrient Use Efficiency and Crop Production 1(2). https://justagriculture.in/files/newsletter/077.
Macapagal J. 2023. PH to import more legumes as production drops. Malaya Business Insight. https://malaya.com.ph/news_business/ph-to-import -more-legumes-as-production-drops/
Maduraimuthu D, Alagarswamy S, Prabhakaran J, Karuppasami KM, Venugopal PBR, Koothan V, Natarajan S, Dhashnamurthi V, Veerasamy R, Rathinavelu S, Parasuraman B. 2023. Drought Tolerance of Mungbean Is Improved by Foliar Spray of Nanoceria. Agronomy 13(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13 1
Matkarimov F, Jabborova D, Baboev S. 2019. Enhancement of Plant Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) by Microbial Preparations. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(08), 2382-2388. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.277
Medenilla V. 2017. November to December seasonal crops. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2021/11 /27/november-to-december-seasonal-crops
Montana State University. 2010. Legumes can Reduce Need for Nitrogen Fertilizer. Montana State University. https://phys.org/news/2010-03-legumes-nitrogen-fertilizer.html#:~:text=Legumes%2C with the proper soil,plant residue – shoots and roots.
Muraoka T, Neptune AML. 1977. Effect of day time on foliar spraying of several levels of nitrogen fertilizer, NPKS solutions and its components, on common bean leaves. Anais Da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz 34(0), 493-495.
Naeem M, Idrees M, Aftab T, Alam MM, Khan MMA, Uddin M, Varshney L. 2015. Radiation Processed Carrageenan Improves Plant Growth, Physiological Activities, and Alkaloids Production in Catharanthus roseus L. Advances in Botany. 2015, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/150474
Nair RM. 2022. Establishing the International Mungbean Improvement Network. https://www.aciar .gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-03/CIM-2014-079-final-report_0.pdf
Nair RM, Boddepalli VN, Asghar A. 2011. Seed production training manual. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
Nanganoa LT, Njukeng JN, Ngosong C, Atache SKE, Yinda GS, Ebonlo JN, Ngong JN, Ngome FA. 2019. Short-Term Benefits of Grain Legume Fallow Systems on Soil Fertility and Farmers Livelihood in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research. 6(4), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.70.2019.64.213.223
Pamati-an STL, Miraflores CA, Galino JAH, Oberio ZL. 2023. Improving the growth of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Cerasiforme) using irradiated carrageenan. Publiscience 2(1). http://www.publiscience.org/ improving-the- growth-of-cherry-tomatoes-solanum-lycopersicum-l-var-cerasiforme-using-irradiated.
Peoples MB, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Huguenin-Elie O, Jensen ES, Justes E, Williams M. 2019. The Contributions of Legumes to Reducing the Environmental Risk of Agricultural Production. Agroecosystem Diversity. Elsevier p. 123-143. https:// doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811050-8.00008-X
Philippine Statistics Authority. 2021. Crops Statistics of the Philippines 2017-2021. https:// psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Crops Statistics of the Philippines%2C 2017-2021.pdf
Pratap A, Gupta S, Rathore M, Basavaraja T, Singhcm, Prajapati U, Singh P, Singh Y, Kumari G. 2021. Mungbean. The Beans and the Peas: Elsevier p. 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821450-3.00009-3
Rahmianna AA, Basuki T, Kote M, Seran YL, Rachaputi RCN. 2021. Increasing productivity of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) under subsistence farming in Eastern Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911(1), 012029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-
Reyes JAO, Macahilig RAB, Eliseo MAM, Ocampo ETM. 2018. Effect of different foliar sprays on biomass and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata Wilczek) grown inderwater deficit. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 43(1), 69. https://ukdr. uplb.edu.ph /journal-articles/4617/
Risula D. 2019. Nodulations and Nitrogen Fixation Field Assessment Guide. https://saskpulse.com /files/newsletters/190619_Nodulation_and_Nitrogen_ Fixation_Field_Assessment_Guide.pdf
Semba RD, Rahman N, Du S, Ramsing R, Sullivan V, Nussbaumer E, Love D, Bloem MW. 2021. Patterns of Legume Purchases and Consumption in the United States. Frontiers in Nutrition 8. https://doi.org/10.3389 /fnut.2021.
Serquina N. 2018. Mung Bean Saves the Day for Town Stricken by El Nino. https:// www.agriculture. com.ph /2018/06/20/mung-bean-saves-the-day-for-town-stricken-by-el-nino/
Shah KK, Modi B, Pandey HP, Subedi A, Aryal G, Pandey M, Shrestha J. 2021. Diversified Crop Rotation: An Approach for Sustainable Agriculture Production.Fahad S, editor. Advances in Agriculture 2021, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8924087
Shukla PS, Borza T, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. 2016. Carrageenans from Red Seaweeds As Promoters of Growth and Elicitors of Defense Response in Plants. Frontiers in Marine Science 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00081
Smith BM, Gathorne-Hardy A, Chatterjee S, Basu P. 2018. The Last Mile: Using Local Knowledge to Identify Barriers to Sustainable Grain Legume Production. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00102
Stacey G. 2007. The Rhizobium-Legume Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis. Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle: Elsevier p. 147-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452857-5.50011-4
Stagnari F, Maggio A, Galieni A, Pisante M. 2017. Multiple benefits of legumes for agriculture sustainability: an overview. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 4(1), 2. https://doi.org /10.1186/s40538-016-0085-1
Sun Star. 2014. Mung bean, the cheapest protein source. https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article /382161 /mung-bean-the-cheapest-protein-source
Varcas M. 2021. Mung beans, native onion, bitter gourd top PSA Q1 production growth report. https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2021/06/23/377783/mung-beans-native-onion-bitter-gourd-top-psa-q1-production-growth-report
Verma HP, Chovati PK, Hingonia K, Khan VM. 2013. Foliar fertilization for increasing nutrient use efficiency and crop production. https://www. krishisewa.com/soil-fertilizers/363-foliar-fertilization.
World Vegetable Center. 2016. International Mungbean Improvement Network. https://avrdc.org /intl- mungbean-network/
Yap JJ. 2018. Technology Can Boost Mungbean Production. https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/12/10/technology-can-boost-mungbean-production/
Yin L, Zhang M, Wu R, Chen X, Liu F, Xing B. 2021. Genome-wide analysis of OSCA gene family members in Vigna radiata and their involvement in the osmotic response. BMC Plant Biology 21(1), 408. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03184-2
Darylle G. Arquillo, Kevin E. Elias (2023), Best time of spraying irradiated carrageenan on the growth, yield and root nodulation of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]; JBES, V23, N2, August, P18-31
https://innspub.net/best-time-of-spraying-irradiated-carrageenan-on-the-growth-yield-and-root-nodulation-of-mungbean-vigna-radiata-l-wilczek/
Copyright © 2023
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0