home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Bio-efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss oil extracted from sun- and shade-dried seeds against two stored-product beetles

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/08/2015
Views (227) Download (5)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Bio-efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss oil extracted from sun- and shade-dried seeds against two stored-product beetles

Tofel Haman Katamssadan, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, Matthias Stähler, Cornel Adler
Int. J. Biosci.7( 2), 135-151, August 2015.
Certificate: IJB 2015 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Callosobruchus maculatusDrying regimeNeemProgeny productionSitophilus zeamaisToxicity

Abstract

Azadirachta indica is a source of highly effective botanical insecticides, with Azadirachtin A as the major active principle. However, it has been contended that sun-drying reduces its Azadirachtin A content and insecticidal efficacy. This work investigated the Azadirachtin A content, fatty acid contents, adult toxicity, F1 progeny inhibition and damage reduction of A. indica oils from sun-dried kernels, shade-dried kernels, sun-dried seeds and shade-dried seeds, against Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), serious storage pest of cowpea and maize, respectively. Analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry showed that the sun-dried seed, but not the sun-dried kernel oil gave less Azadirachtin A amount 2.89 ± 0.17 g/kg compared to the other drying regimes (3.09 ± 0.09 – 3.69 ± 0.16 g/kg). Gas chromatography equipped with a flame-ionisation detector analysis revealed the presence of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, as the major fatty acids in the oils, with similarity in their concentrations among the four drying regimes. The adult toxicity assay showed that C. maculatus was more susceptible to the A. indica oils than S. zeamais, but without differences linked to the drying regime. All the oils completely suppressed progeny production and grain damage, irrespective of the drying regime and insect species. Our results disagree with the contention that sun-drying diminishes the Azadirachtin A content and insecticidal efficacy of A. indica. Therefore, sun-drying could be adopted by farmers because it may speed up processing of seeds and minimize attacks by aflatoxin producing fungi.

VIEWS 5
Cover PDF

Abbott WS. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18, 265-267.

Addea-Mensah I. 1998. The uses of neem (Azadirachta indica) in Ghana and their relations of the chemicals constituents and biological activities. Proc. Semimar held Dodowa: the potentials of the neem trees in Ghana. 11-26 P.

Adedire CO, Ajayi OE. 2003. Potential of sandbox, Hura crepitans L. seed oil for protection of cowpea seeds from Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 110, 602-610.

Adedire CO, Akinkurolere RO, Obembe OM. 2012. Efficacy of cashew kernel extracts in the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 45, 831-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2011.598259.

Anastassiades M, Lehotay SJ, Štajnbaher D, Schenck  FJ.  2003.  Fast  and  easy  multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. Journal of AOAC International 86, 412-431.

Anuradha A, Annadurai RS. 2008. Biochemical and molecular evidence of azadirachtin binding to insect actins. Current Science 95 (11), 1588–1593.

Athanassiou CG, Kontodimas DC, Kavallieratos NG, Anagnou- Veroniki M. 2005. Insecticidal effect of NeemAzal against three stored-product beetle species on rye and oats. Journal of Economic Entomology 98, 1499-1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/98.5.1733 1733-1738.

Bamaiyi LJ, Ndams IS, Toro WA, Odekina S. 2006. Effect of mahogany Khaya senegalensis seed oil in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea. Plant Protection Science 42, 130-134.

Bélanger A, Musabyinama. 2005. Le Neem contre les insectes et maladies. Journées horticoles 2005. 4 p.

Boeke SJ, Baumgart IR, van Loon JJA, van Huis A, Dicke M, Kossou DK. 2004. Toxicity and repellence of African plants traditionally used for the protection of stored cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Stored Product Research 40, 423 – 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(03)00046-8.

Caboni PL, Sarais G, Angioni A, Lai F, Dedola F,  Cabras P. 2009.  Fate  of  azadirachtin  A  and related azadirachtoids on tomatoes after greenhouse treatment.  Journal of  Environmental  Science  and Health 44, 598-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934520902784641.

Copping GL, Menn JJ. 2000. Biopesticides: a review of their actions, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science 56, 651-676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/15264998(200008)56:8< 651::AID-PS201>3.0.CO;2-U.

Debashri M, Tamal M. 2012. A review on efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss based biopesticides: An Indian perspective. Research Journal in Recent Science 1, 94-99.

Djenontin TS, Wotto VD, Avlessi F, Lozano P, Sohounhoulé DKC, Pioch D. 2012. Composition of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seed oil and cakes obtained after oil extraction. Industrial Crops Production 38, 39- 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.01.005.

Don-Pedro KN. 1989. Mechanisms of action of some vegetable oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat. Journal of stored product Research 25, 217-223.

Ermel KE, Pahlich E, Schmutterer H. 1986. Azadirachtin content of neem kernels from different geographical locations, and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and light. Proceeding of the 3rd International. Neem Conference Nairobi, Kenya. pp.171-184.

FAO. 1985. Prevention of post-harvest food losses. Training series N°10. Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.

Faye M. 2010. Nouveau procédé de fractionnement de la graine de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Sénégalais : Production d’un biopesticide d’huile et de tourteau. PhD Thesis, University of Toulouse, 267 p.

Felaku G, Waktole S, Santiago DR. 2012. Evaluation of plant powders and cooking oils against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais M. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. Molecular Entomology 3, 4-14.

Finney DJ. 1971. Probit analysis. Cambridge University Press, London, United Kingdom.

Gauvin MJ, Bélanger A, Nébié R, Boivin G. 2003. Azadirachta indica : l’azadirachtine est-elle le seul ingrédient actif ?». Phytoprotection 84, 115-119.

Guo H, Yang M, Qi Q. 2014. Insecticidal and antifeedant effects of two alkaloids from Cynanchum komarovii against larvae of Plutella xylostella L. Journal of Applied Entomology 238, 133-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12075.

Gupta VK, Ahlawat SP, Kumar RV, Ajit, Datta A. 2010. Effect of season and year on Azadirachtin A and oil content in neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and relationship of azadirachtin A and oil content with rainfall, temperature and humidity. Current Science 99, 953-956.

Ibrahim L, Butt TM, Beckett A, Clark SJ. 1999. The germination of oil-formulated conidia of the insect pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycology Research. 103, 901–907.

Ilesanmi JO, Gungula DT. 2013. Quality attributes  of  cowpea  seeds  stored  with  neem  and Moringa  seed  oils. World  Journal  of  Agricultural Science 9, 155-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2013.9.2.1711.

Iloba BN, Ekrakene T. 2006. Comparative assessment of insecticidal effect of Azadirachta indica, Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum on Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Biological Sciences 6, 626-630.

IRAD. 2007. Les caractéristiques des différentes zones agro-écologiques. Revue scientifique 2007 de l’IRAD.Yaoundé. 84 p.

Isman MB. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology 51, 45-66.

Isman MB. 2008. Botanical insecticides: for richer, for poorer. Pest Management Science 64, 8 -11.

Jadeja  GC,  Maheshwari  RC,  Naik  SN.  2011. Extraction  of  natural  insecticide  azadirachtin  from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernels using pressurized hot solvent. Journal of Supercrit Fluids 56, 253-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2011.01.004.

Johnson S, Dureja P, Dhingra S. 2003. Photostabilizers for azadirachtin-A (a neem-based pesticide). Journal of Environmental Science and Health B 38(4), 451-462.

Johnson S, Patra D, Dureja P. 2000. Effect of fatty acids and oils on photodegradation of Azadirachtin-A. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B 35, 491-501.

Kapseu C, Parmentier M. 1999. Composition en acides gras de quelques huiles végétales du Cameroon. Science Alimentaire 17, 325-331.

Kaushik N, Singh BG, Tomar UK, Naik SN, Satya V, Bisla SS, Sharma KK, Banerjee SK, Thakkar P. 2002. Regional and habitat variability in azadirachtin content of Indian neem (Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu). Current Science 92, 1400-1406.

Kaushik N, Vir S. 2000. Variation of fatty acid composition of neem seed. Biochemical Society Transaction 28, 880-882.

Kaushik N. 2002. Determination of azadirachtin and fatty acid methyl esters of Azadirachta indica seeds by HPLC and GLC. Analyticaland Bioanalytical Chemistry 374, 1199-1204.

Kavallieratos NG, Athanassiou CG, Saitanis CJ, Kontodimas DC, Roussos AN, Tsoutsa MS, Anastassopoulou UA. 2007. Effect of two azadirachtin formulations against adults of Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum on different grain commodities. Journal of Food Protection 70, 1627-1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.02.017.

Kemabonta KA, Falodu BB. 2013. Bioefficacy of three plant products as post-harvest grain protectants against Sitophilus oryzae Linneaus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored wheat (Triticum aestivum). International Journal of Science and Nature 4, 259-264.

Ketoh GK, Koumaglo HK, Glitho AI. 2005. Inhibition of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) development with essential extracted from Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng. (Poaceae) and the wasp Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 41, 363-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2004.02.002.

Khoshnoud H, Ghiyasi M, Amimia R, Fard SS, Tajbakhsh M, Salehzadeh H, Alahyary P. 2008. The potentials of using inject properties of medicinal plants against insect pests. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11, 1-5.

Koul O, Singh G, Singh R, Singh J, Daniewski WM, Berlozecki S. 2004. Bioefficacy and mode of action of some limonoids of salannin group from Azadirachta indica A. Juss and their role in a multicomponent system against lepidopteran larvae. Journal Biosciences 29(4), 409-416.

Kumar J, Parmar BS. 1996. Physico-chemical and chemical variation in neem oils and some bioactivity leads against Spodoptera litura F. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 44, 2137-2143.

Kumar R. 1991. La lutte contre les insectes ravageurs: la situation de l’agriculture africaine. CTA/Karthala Eds, Wageningen, Paris.

Lee HS, Shin WK, Song C, Cho KY, Ahn YJ. 2001. Insecticidal activities of ar-Turmerone identified in Curcuma longa Rhizome against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology 4, 181-185.

Lienard V, Seck D, Lognay V. 1993. Biological activity of Cassia occidentalis L. against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 29, 311-318.

Mbaiguinam M, Maoura N, Bianpambe A, Bono G, Aladoumbaye E. 2006. Effects of six common plant seed oils on survival, eggs lying and development of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Biological Science 6, 420-425.

Mordue AJ, Blackwell A. 1993. Azadirachtin: an update. Journal of Insect Physiology 39, 903-924.

Muñoz-Valenzuela S, Ibarra-López AA, Rubio Silva LM, Valdez-Dávila H, Borboa Flores J. 2007. Neem tree morphology and oil content. In : Janick J, hipkey A (eds), issues in new crops and new uses. Alexendria VA: ASHS press, 126-128.

Najafian S, Agah M. 2012. Essential oil content and composition of Lippa citriodora as affectef by drying method before flowering stages. European Journal of Experimental Biology 2, 1771-1777.

Niber BT. 1995. The protectant and toxicity of four plant species on stored maize against Prostephanous truncatus (Horn) Coleopetra: Bostrichidea. Tropical Science 35, 371–375.

Nukenine EN, Tchiegang C, Mekouo AAT, Tofel HK, Adarkwah C, Obeng Ofori D, Adler C. 2011b. Efficacy of Calneem derived from Ghanian neem seeds and seed oils from two locations in Cameroon against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 31(4), 225-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742758411000348.

Nukenine EN, Adler C, Reichmuth C. 2007. Efficacy  evaluation  of  powders  from  Cameroon  as post harvest grain protectants against the infestation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 114, 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-009-0285-6.

Nukenine EN, Chouka PF, Vabi MB, Reichmuth C, Adler C. 2013. Comparative toxicity of four local botanical powders to Sitophilus zeamais and influence of drying regime and particle size on insecticidal efficacy. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Science 7(3), 1313-1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v7i3.36.

Nukenine EN, Tofel HK, Adler C. 2011a. Comparative efficacy of NeemAzal and local botanicals derived from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus against Sitophilus zeamais on maize. Journal of Pest Science 84, 479-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0371-4.

Obeng-Ofori D, Amiteye S. 2005. Efficacy of mixing vegetable oils with pirimiphos-methyl against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize. Journal of Stored Products Research 42, 57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2003.11.001.

Odeyemi OO, Gbaye OA, Akeju O. 2010. Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) to Pirimiphos methyl in Three Zones in Nigeria. Proceeding of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, estoril, Portugal. 324-329.

Ogemah VK. 2003. Influence of neem products on the biology and behaviour of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and its predator Teretrius nigrescens. PhD Thesis, Humboldt University, Germany.

Pamela P. 2009. Neem the Wonder Tree: Its Pesticide and Medicinal Applications. Master thesis, University of Maryland, USA. 56 p.

Parugrug ML, Roxas AC. 2008. Insecticidal action of five plants against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) KMITL Science and Technology Journal 8, 24 -38.

Petit JL. 2008. Le nim (ou neem), l’arbre miracle? L’insecticide se fait désirer. BIOFIL 57, 49-51.

Radwan AO, El-Shiekh YWA. 2012. Degradation of Neem Oil 90% EC (azadirachtin) under Storage Conditions and its Insecticidal Activity against Cotton Leaf worm S. littoralis. Researcher 4, 77-83.

Rembold H. 2004. Der Neembaum: Quelle für eine neue Strategie im Pflanzenschutz? Entomologie heute, 16, 235-243.

Roy S, Gurusubramanian G, Mukhopadhyay A. 2010. Neem-based integrated approaches for the management of tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Miridae: Heteroptera) in tea. Journal of Pest Science 83, 143-148.

Rukmini C. 1987.Chemical and nutritional evaluation of neem oil. Food Chemistry 26, 119-124.

Schmutterer H. 1990. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology 35, 271-297.

Shahhoseini R, Estaji A, Hoseini N, Ghorpanpour M, Omidbaigi R. 2013. The effect of drying methods on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). Journal of Essential Oils Bearing Plants 16, 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813270.

Sidhu OP, Kumar V, Behl HM. 2003. Variability in neem (Azadirachta indica) with respect to azadirachtin content. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51, 910-915.

Soetaredjo FE, Budijanto GM, Prasetyo RI, and Indraswati N. 2008. Effects of pre-treatment condition on the yield and quality of neem oil obtained by mechanical pressing. ARPN-Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 3, 45-49.

Tofel HK, Nukenine EN, Staehler M, Adler C. 2015. Insecticidal efficacy of Azadirachta indica powders from sun- and shade-dried seeds against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3(1), 100-108.

Tomar Uk, Singh G, Kaushik N. 2012. Screening Azadirachta indica tree for enhancing azadirachtin and oil contents in dry areas of Gujarat, India. Journal of Forestry Research 22, 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-011-0153-0.

Udo IO. 2005. Evaluation of the potential of some local spices as stored grain protectants against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 9, 165-168.

Wadehi M, El-Bakhir SS, Abdul-Safir AH. 2013. Effectiveness  of  neem  seed  oil on maize weevils Sitophilus zeamais. Neem report 4 p.

Jeon JH, Kim YK, Lee SG, Lee GH, Lee HS. 2011. Insecticidal activities of a Diospyros kaki root-isolated constituent and its derivatives against Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology 14, 449-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2011.07.005.

Yuya AI, Tadesse A, Azerefengne F, Tefera T. 2009. Efficacy of combining Niger seed oil with malathon 5% durst formulation on maize against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 45, 67-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2008.09.003.

Submit Manuscript