home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Biofortified staple food crops as a need of new era

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/09/2019
Views (388) Download (10)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Biofortified staple food crops as a need of new era

Shakra Jamil, Ayesha Naseem, Shamsa Kanwal, Sajid Ur Rahman, Rahil Shahzad, Muhammad Zaffar Iqbal
Int. J. Biosci.15( 3), 206-218, September 2019.
Certificate: IJB 2019 [Generate Certificate]
Key: BiofortificationConventional breedingMalnutritionModern approachesStaple food crops

Abstract

More than one billion people of the world have no direct access to the nutrient enriched food. So, biofortification is an upcoming feasible, cost effective and sustainable way of providing the essential nutrients to the poor people of the developing world by fortifying the staple food crops. In this review, different approaches of biofortification are discussed just to improve the already growing crops with the essential nutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamin A. These improved crops help to combat the micronutrient deficiencies that cause severe health issues like cognitive impairment, growth failure, and weak eye sight, weakened immune system and reduced productivity in humans. Biofortification approaches like transgenic, agronomic and breeding are being used to improve the nutrients in staple crops like Vitamin A in rice, Zinc in wheat, Iron in wheat and maize. Now more than 20 billion people of the developing world are using biofortified crops and improved their health status. Success stories of biofortification include the biofortification of wheat with lysine using transgenic approach, provitamin improved rice and tryptophan enriched maize. Emphasis is being lead on transgenic approach and its acceptability and adoptability among the farmers for biofortification of food crops. Besides all the challenges, biofortification still has bright future and the potential to feed the world with essential micronutrient enriched food.

VIEWS 31
Cover PDF

Al-Babili S, Beyer P. 2004.  Golden rice on the road-five years to go. Trends in Plant Sciences 10(12), 565–73.

Alloway B. 2009. Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans. Environmental Geochemistry Health 31(5), 537-548.

Aciksoz SB, Yazici A, Ozturk L, Cakmak I. 2011.  Biofortification of wheat with iron through soil and foliar application of nitrogen and iron fertilizers. Plant Soil 349(1), 215–25.

Ajiboye B, Cakmak I, Paterson D, De Jonge MD, Howard DL, Stacey SP, Torun AA, Aydin N, McLaughlin MJ. 2015.  X-ray fluorescence microscopy of zinc localization in wheat grains biofortified through foliar zinc applications at different growth stages under field conditions. Plant and Soil 392(1-2), 357-370.

Black R. 2003. Micronutrient deficiency – an underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. Bulletin World Health Organization 81 (03808), 79.

Berardo N, Mazzinelli G, Valoti P, Lagana P, Redaelli R.  2009. Characterization of maize germplasm for the chemical composition of the grain. Agriculture Food Chemistry 57(6), 2378-2384.

Burt AJ, Grainger CM, Smid MP, Shelp BJ, Lee EA. 2011.  Allele mining of exotic maize germplasm to enhance macular carotenoids. Crop Sciences 51(3), 991-1004.

Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-McGregor S, Katz J, Martorell R, Uauy R.  2013. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries (and the Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group).   Lancet 382(9890), 427–451.

Blancquaert D, Van Daele J, Strobbe S, Kiekens F, Storozhenko S, De Steur H, Gellynck X, Lambert W, Stove C, Van Der Straeten D. 2015. Improving folate (vitamin b 9) stability in biofortified rice through metabolic engineering.  Natural Biotechnology 33(10), 1076.

Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS. 2017. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects: Us preventive services task force recommendation statement. Jama Neurology 317(2), 183-189.

Bouis HE, Saltzman A. 2017. Improving nutrition through biofortification: a review of evidence from HarvestPlus, 2003 through 2016. Global Food Security 12, 49-58.

Cakmak I, Torun A, Millet E, Feldman M, Fahima T, Korol A. 2004.  Triticum dicoccoides: an important genetic resource for increasing zinc and iron concentration in modern cultivated wheat.  Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition 50, 1047–54.

Cakmak I. 2008.  Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil 302(1-2), 1-17.

Cong L, Wang C, Chen L, Liu H, Yang G, He G. 2009. Expression of phytoene synthase1 and carotene desaturase crti genes result in an increase in the total carotenoids content in transgenic elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.).   Agriculture Food Chemistry 57(18), 8652-8660.

Cakmak I, Kutman UB. 2017. Agronomic biofortification of cereals with zinc: a review. European Journal of Soil Sciences 69, 172–80.

Davies KM. 2007. Genetic modification of plant metabolism for human health benefits. Mutation Research 622, 122–137.

De Moura F, Palmer A, Finkelstein J. 2014. Are biofortified staple food crops improving vitamin A and iron status in women and children: New evidence from efficacy trials? Advancments in Nutrition 5, 568–570.

Dhawi F, Datta R, Ramakrishna W. 2015. Mycorrhiza and PGPB modulate maize biomass, nutrient uptake and metabolic pathways in maize grown in mining-impacted soil. Plant Physiology Biochemistry 97, 390–9.

De Moura F, Miloff A, Boy E. 2015. Retention of provitamin a carotenoids in staple crops targeted for biofortification in Africa: cassava, maize, and sweet potato. Critical Review Food Science Nutrition 55(9), (1246-69).

De Valença A, Bake A, Brouwer I, Giller K. 2017. Agronomic biofortification of crops to fight hidden hunger in sub-saharan africa.Global Food Security 12, 8-14.

E, Bucher M, Machler F, Mozafar A, Hurrell R. 2000. Potential for increasing the content and bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ca in plants for human nutrition. Science Food Agriculture 80, 861–79.

FAO, Rome Finkelstein J, Mehta S, Udipi S. 2015. A randomized trial of iron-biofortified pearl millet in school children in India. Nutrition.

Glover D. 1992. Corn proteins—genetics, breeing, and value in foods and feeds. Quality protein maize. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St Paul M N, 9—48.

Goto F, Yoshihara T, Shigemoto N, Tok Takaiwa F. 1999.  Iron fortification of rice seed by the soybean ferritin gene. Natural Biotechnology 17(3), 282.

Galili G. 2002. Genetic, molecular, and genomic approaches to improve the value of plant foods and feeds. Critical Review Plant Sciences 21(3), 167-204.

Gibson, R. S. 2007. The role of diet-and host-related factors in nutrient bioavailability and thus in nutrient-based dietary requirement estimates.  Food Nutrition Bulletin 28, S77-S100.

Galili G, Amir R. 2013. Fortifying plants with the essential amino acids lysine and methionine to improve nutritional quality. Plant biotechnology 11(2), 211-222.

Gannon B, Kaliwile C, Arscott SA, Schmaelzle S, Chileshe J, Kalungwana N, Mosonda M, Pixley K, Masi C, Tanumihardjo SA.  2014. Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin a supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin a: A community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100(6), 1541-1550.

Garg Monika, Natasha Sharma, Saloni Sharma, Payal Kapoor, Aman Kumar, Venkatesh Chunduri, Priya Arora. 2018. Biofortified Crops Generated by Breeding, Agronomy, and Transgenic Approaches Are improving Lives of Millions of People around the world.  Frontiers in Nutrition, V.5.

Haskell MJ, Jamil KM, Hassan F, Peerson JM, Hossain MI, Fuchs GJ, Brown KH. 2004. Daily consumption of Indian spinach (basella Alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive effect on total-body vitamin a stores in Bangladeshi men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80(3), 705-714.

Haas JD, Beard JL, Murray-Kolb LE, Del Mundo AM, Felix A, Gregorio GB. 2005. Iron-biofortified rice improves the iron stores of no anemic filipino women.  Nutrition 135(12), 2823-2830.

Huang S, Frizzi A, Florida CA, Kruger DE, Luethy MH. 2006. High lysine and high tryptophan transgenic maize resulting from the reduction of both 19-and 22-kd α-zeins. Plant Moleculer Biology   61(3), 525-535.

Hotz C, McClafferty B. 2007. From harvest to health: challenges for developing biofortified staple foods and determining their impact on micronutrient status. Food Nutrition Bulletin 28, S271-S279.

Harjes CE, Rocheford TR, Bai L, Brutnell TP, CKandianis B, Sowinski SG, Stapleton AE, Vallabhaneni R, Williams M,  Wurtzel ET. 2008. Natural genetic variation in lycopene epsilon cyclase tapped for maize biofortification. Sciences 319(5861), 330-333.

Holme I, Dionisio G, Brinch-Pedersen H, Vincze É, Holm PB. 2010.  Cisgenic barley with improved phytase activity. In: 12th World Congress of the IAPB.

Jiang XM, Cao XY, Jiang JY, Ma T, James DW, Rakeman MA, Dou ZH, Mamette M, Amette K, Zhang ML. 1997. Dynamics of environmental supplementation of iodine: four years’ experience in iodination of irrigation water in Hotien, Xinjiang, China. Architecture Environment Health 52, 399–408.

Joint F, Organization WH. 2007. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition: report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation.

Joy EJ, Ander EL, Young SD, Black CR, Watts MJ, Chilimba, Chilima AD, Siyame B, Kalimbira EW, Hurst AA, Fairweather‐Tait RSJ. 2014. Dietary mineral supplies in Africa. Physiolgy Plant 151(3), 208-229.

Kumssa DB, Joy EJM, Ander EL, Watts MJ, Young SD, Walker S, Broadley MR. 2015. Dietary calcium and zinc deficiency risks are decreasing but remain prevalent.  Science Report 5.

Lyons G, Ortiz-Monasterio I, Stangoulis J, Graham R. 2005. Selenium concentration in wheat grain: is there sufficient genotypic variation to use in Breeding. Plant Soil 269(1), 369–80.

Low JW, Arimond M, Osman N, Cunguara B, Zano F, Tschirley D. 2007. A food-based approach introducing orange-fleshed sweet potatoes increased vitamin A intake and serum retinol concentrations in young children in rural Mozambique. Nutrition 137(5), 1320-1327.

Lee S, An G. 2009. Over‐expression of OsIRT1 leads to increased iron and zinc accumulations in rice. Plant Cell Environment 32(4), 408-416.

Lee S, Jeon US, Lee SJ, Kim YK, Persson DP, Husted S, Schjørring JK, Kakei Y, Masuda H, Nishizawa NK, An G. 2009.  Iron fortification of rice seeds through activation of the nicotianamine synthase gene. Procedure. National Academy Sciences U.S.A., 106(51), 22014-22019.

Monasterio I, Graham RD. 2000. Breeding for trace minerals in wheat. Food Nutrition Bulletin 21(4), 392–6.

Masuda H, Suzuki M, Morikawa KC, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa NK. 2008. Increase in iron and zinc concentrations in rice grains via the introduction of barley genes involved in phytosiderophore synthesis. Rice 1(1), 100-108.

Muthayya S, Rah JH, Sugimoto JD, Roos FF, Kraemer K, Black RE. 2013. The Global hidden hunger indices and maps: an advocacy tool for action.  PLOS ONE 8(6).

Nestel P, Bouis HE, Meenakshi JV, Pfeiffer W. Biofortification of staple food crops. Nutrition 136, 1064–1067.

Nubé M, Voortman RL. 2011. Human micronutrient deficiencies: linkages with micronutrient deficiencies in soils, crops and animals. In: Thompson, B., Amoroso, L. (Eds.), Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies: Food-Based Approaches. FAO and CAB International. Wallingford, UK, 289–311.

Nakandalage N, Nicolas M, Norton RM, Hirotsu N, Milham PJ,  Seneweera S. 2016.  Improving rice zinc biofortification success rates through genetic and crop management approaches in a changing environment. FrontierPlant Sciences 7, 764.

Owens BF, Lipka AE, Magallanes-Lundback M, Tiede T, Diepenbrock CH, Kandianis CB, Kim E, Cepela J, Mateos-Hernandez M, Buell CR, Buckler ES. 2014.  A foundation for provitamin a biofortification of maize: genome-wide association and genomic prediction models of carotenoid levels.Genetics 198(4), p 1699-1716.

Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S, Howells RM, Kennedy MJ, Vernon G, Wright SY, Hinchliffe E, Adams JL., Silverstone AL, Drake R. 2005. Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content. Nature Biotechnology 23(4), p.482.

Puig S, Andrés-Colás N, García-Molina A, Peñarrubia L. 2007a. Copper and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis: responses to metal deficiencies, interactions and biotechnological applications. Plant Cell Environment 30, 271–290.

Philip J, White1, Martin R, Broadley. 2008. Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine.

Phattarakul N, Cakmak I, Boonchuay P, Wongmo J,  Rerkasem B. 2009. Role of zinc fertilizers in increasing grain zinc concentration and improving grain yield of rice.

Ramesh SA, Choimes S, Schachtman DP. 2004.  Over-expression of an Arabidopsis zinc transporter in Hordeum vulgare increases short-term zinc uptake after zinc deprivation and seed zinc content. Plant Molecular Biology 54(3), 373-385.

Reddy BVS, Ramesh S, Longvah T. 2005. Prospects of breeding for micronutrients and β-carotene-dense sorghums. International Sorghum Millets News 46, 10–4.

Rayman MP. 2008. Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake.British Journal of Nutrition 100, 254–268.

Ruel MT, Quisumbing AR, Balagamwala M. 2017.  Nutrition-sensitive agriculture: What have we learned and where do we go from here. International Food Policy Research Institute, 1681.

Sandstro Èm B. 2000. Micronutrient interactions: effects on absorption and bioavailability. British Journal of Nutrition 85(S2), S181-S185.

Storozhenko S, De Brouwer V, Volckaert M, Navarrete O, Blancquaert D, Zhang GF, Lambert W, Van Der Straeten D. 2007. Folate fortification of rice by metabolic engineering.Natural Biotechnology 25(11), p 1277.

Stein AJ. 2010. Global impacts of human mineral malnutrition.  Plant and Soil 335(1-2), 133-154.

Takahashi M, Nakanishi H, Kawasaki S, Nishizawa NK, Mori S. 2001. Enhanced tolerance of rice to low iron availability in alkaline soils using barley nicotianamine aminotransferase genes.Natural Biotechnology 19(5), 466.

Tulchinsky TH. 2010.  Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. Public Health Reviews 32(1), 243–255.

Trijatmiko KR, Dueñas C, Tsakirpaloglou N, Torrizo L., Arines FM, Adeva C, Balindong J, Oliva N, Sapasap MV, Borrero J, Rey J. 2016. Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field. Scientific Reports 6, 19792.

Welch RM, Graham RD. 1999. A newparadigm for world agriculture: meeting human needs, productive, sustainable, and nutritious. Field Crops Research 60, 1–10.

White PJ, Broadley MR. 2005. Biofortifying crops with essential mineral elements.  Trends in Plant Sciences 10(12), 586-593.

White PJ, Broadley MR. 2011. Physiological limits to zinc biofortification of edible crops. Frontier in Plant Sciences 2, 80

White PJ, Broadley MR. 2011. Physiological limits to zinc biofortification of edible crops. Frontier in Plant Sciences 2, 80.

Waters BM., Sankaran RP. 2011. Moving micronutrients from the soil to the seeds: genes and physiological processes from a biofortification perspective. Plant Sciences 180(4), 562–74.

Wessells KR, Brown KH. 2012.  Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting.   PloS one 7(11).

Wang C, Zeng J, Li Y, Hu W, Chen L, Miao Y, Deng P, Yuan C, Ma C, Chen X, Zang M. 2014.  Enrichment of provitamin a content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by introduction of the bacterial carotenoid biosynthetic genes CrtB and CrtI.   Experimental Botany 65(9), 2545-2556.

Wesseler J, Zilberman. 2014. The economic power of the Golden Rice opposition.  Environmental Development Economics 19(6), 724-742.

WHO. 2016.  Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. World Health Organization.

Ye X, Al-Babili S, Klöti A, Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I. 2000. Engineering the provitamin a (β-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm.  Sciences 287(5451), 303-305.

Yang XW, Tian XH, Lu XC, Cao YX, Chen ZH. 2011.  Impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Scince Food Agriculture 91(13), 2322–8.

Zhu C, Naqvi S, Gomez-Galera S, Pelacho AM, Capell T, Christou P. 2007. Transgenic strategies for the nutritional enhancement of plants.  Trends in Plant Sciences 12(12), 548-555.

Zingore S, Delve RJ, Nyamangara J, Giller KE. 2008. Multiple benefits of manure: the key to maintenance of soil fertility and restoration of depleted sandy soils on African smallholder farms. Nutrient cycling in Agroecosystems 80(3), 267-282.

Zhang F, Shen J, Zhang J, Zuo Y, Li L,  Chen X. 2010. Rhizosphere processes and management for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity: implications for China. Advances in Agronomy 107, 1-32.

Zheng L, Cheng Z, Ai C, Jiang X, Bei X, Zheng Y, Glahn RP, Welch RM, Miller DD, Lei XG, Shou H. 2010. Nicotianamine, a novel enhancer of rice iron bioavailability to humans.  PLoS One 5(4).

Submit Manuscript