Carcass composition and hematological study of Catla catla fingerlings fed on phytase supplemented Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet
Paper Details
Carcass composition and hematological study of Catla catla fingerlings fed on phytase supplemented Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet
Abstract
Present study was conducted to investigate carcass composition and hematological parameters of Catla catla fingerlings fed on phytase supplemented Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet. Graded levels (0, 300, 600,900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase enzyme were used to prepare one control and five test diets. Catla catla fingerlings were fed twice a day at the rate of 4% of wet weight. After 90 days trial, four fish from each tank were sacrificed after taking blood from caudal vein to analyze hematological parameters. Fish fed MOLM based test diet supplemented with phytase at 900 FTU kg-1 level showed maximum retention of crude protein and crude fat in fish body as compared to fish fed on control diet (without phytase supplementation). Carbohydrate, crude fiber, moisture and ash values were highest at control diet whereas lowest contents were recorded at 900 FTU kg-1 level. Results of hematological study also showed that the maximum values of RBCs (2.66±0.08 106mm-3), WBCs (7.68±0.09 103mm-3) and Hb (8.74±0.17 g/100ml) were found at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplementation. Whereas highest PCV and PLT count was observed at 600 FTU kg-1. It was concluded that use of phytase at 900 FTU kg-1 level improved carcass composition and hematological parameters of C. catla fingerlings without any side effect on fish performance.
Allan G L, Rowland S J. 1992. Development of an experimental diet for silver perch (Bidynus bidyanus). Austasia Aquaculture 6, 39-40.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical chemists, Washington, D.C. USA p. 1094.
Bello O N, Nzeh GC. 2013. Effects of varying levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal diet on growth performance, hematological indices and biochemical enzymes of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Elixir Aquaculture 57, 14459-14466.
Bello OS, Olaifa FE, Emikpe BO, Ogunbanwo ST. 2012. The effect of Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and Onion (Allium cepa) bulb residues on the tissue bacteriological changes of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Bulletin of Animal Heath and Production in African 60, 205 – 212.
Blaxhall PC, Daisley KW. 1973. Routine haema-tological methods for use with fish blood. Journal of Fish Biology 6, 771-781.
Blaxhall PC. 1972. The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. A review of selected literature. Journal of Fish Biology 4, 593–604.
Bosh CH. 2004. USDA National Nutrient Database for standard reference. In: Grubben, G.J.H. and Denton, O.A. (eds). PROTOA Foundation, Wageningen Netherlands/CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands 392- 393.
Brown BA. 1980. Routine hematology procedures. Hematology: Principles and Procedures 71-112.
Cao L, Yang Y, Wang WM, Yakupitiyage A, Yuan DR, Diana JS. 2008. Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Aquaculture Nutrition 14, 99-109.
Cheng N, Chen P, Lei W, Feng M, Wang C. 2015. The sparing effect of phytase in plant‐protein‐based diets with decreasing supplementation of dietary NaH2PO4 for juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture Research 1-12.
Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW. 2004. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation in corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 15, 83-100.
Chiseva S. 2006. The growth rates and feed conversion ratios of fry fed conventional fry diets and Moringa oleifera supplemented diets. B. Sc. Disser-tation, Bindura University of Science Education Zimbabwe.
Danwitz AV, Bussel CGJV, Klatt SF, Schulz C. 2016. Dietary phytase supplementation in rapeseed protein based diets influences growth performance, digestibility and nutrient utilisation in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture 450, 405–411.
Dawood MA, Koshio S, Ishikawa M, Yokoyama S. 2015. Effects of partial substitution of fish meal by soybean meal with or without heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum (LP20) on growth performance, digestibility, and immune response of amberjack, Seriola dumerili juveniles. BioMed Research International (Article ID 514196) 1-11.
Debnath D, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Jain KK, Yengkokpam S, Mukherjee SC. 2005b. Mineral status of Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings in relation to supplemental phytase: absorption, whole – body and bone mineral content. Aquaculture Research 36, 326–335.
Debnath DAK, Pal NP, Sahu KK, Jain S, Yengkokpam, Mukherjee SC. 2005a. Effect of dietary microbial phytase supplementation on growth and nutrient digestibility of Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research 36,180-187.
Denstadli V, Storebakken T, Svihus B, Skrede A. 2007. A comparison of online phytase pre-treatment of vegetable feed ingredients and phytase coating in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in cold water. Aquaculture 269, 414-426.
Dienye HE, Olumuji OK. 2014 Growth performance and haematological responses of African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Net Journal of Agricultural Science 2, 79-88.
Ehsani M, Torki M. 2010. Effects of dietary inclusion of guar meal supplemented by β-mannanase on performance of laying hens, egg quality characteristics and diacritical counts of white blood cells. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5, 237–243.
FAO. 2014. Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758). Statistical information, Global Aquaculture Production 1950–2012. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy (http://www. fao.org/fishery/ statistics/ global- aquaculture- production/).
Grubben GJH, Denton OA. 2004. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands/Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/ CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Hrubec TC, Cardinale JL, Smith SA. 2000. Haematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 29, 7-12.
Hung LT, Thanh NT, Pham MA, Browdy CL. 2015. A comparison of the effect of dietary fungal phytase and dicalcium phosphate supplementation on growth performances, feed and phosphorus utilization of tra catfish juveniles (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Aquaculture Nutrition 21, 10-17.
Hussain SM, Ahmad S, Shahzad MM, Arsalan MZH, Riaz D, Ahmad N, Tabassum S, Ahmed AW. 2016. Mineral digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on cottonseed meal based diets supplemented with citric acid and phytase enzyme. International journal of Biosciences 8, 25-35.
Hussain SM, Shahzad MM, Afzal M, Javid A, Mubarik MS, Shah SZH, Hussain M, Ahmad S, Arsalan MZH, Manzoor R, Riaz D. 2015. Efficacy of Phytase Enzyme for Increasing Mineral Digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala Fingerlings Fed on Soybean Meal-Based Diet. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47, 1807-1816.
Jackson L, Li MH, Robinson EH. 1996. Use of microbial phytase in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets to improve utilization of phytate phosphorus. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 27, 309-313.
Khajepour F, Hosseini SA. Imanpour MR. 2012. Dietary crude protein, citric acid and microbial phytase and their interacts to influence growth performance, muscle proximate composition and hematocrit of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L, juveniles. World Journal of Zoology 7, 118-122.
Laining A, Ishikawa M, Kyaw K, Gao J, Binh NT, Koshio S, Yamaguchi S, Yokoyama S, Koyama J. 2011. Dietary Calcium and phosphorus ratio influences the efficiency of microbial phytase on growth, mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer. Aquaculture Nutrition 17, 267-277.
Lazado CC, Caipang CMA, Gallage S, Brinchmann MF, Kiron V. 2010. Expression profiles of genes associated with immune response and oxidative stress in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua head kidney leukocytes modulated by live and heat-inactivated intestinal bacteria. Comparative Bioche-mistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 155, 249-255.
Lei XG, Porres JM. 2003. Phytase enzymology, applications, and biotechnology. Biotechnology Letters 25, 1787-94.
Lovell RT. 1989. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, book 260.
Makkar HPS, Becker K. 1996. Nutritional value and anti-nutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 63, 211-228.
Ng WK, Wee KL, 1989. The nutritive value of cassava leaf meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 83, 45-58.
Nwanna LC, Oishi CA, Filho MP. 2008. Use of phytase to improve the digestibility of alternative feed ingredients by Amazon tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Journal of Science Asia 34, 353-360.
Olusola SE, Nwanna LC. 2014. Growth performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed processed soybean meal based diets Supplemented with Phytase. International Journal of Aquaculture 4, 48-54.
Ping Z, Wenbing ZDA, Davis C.L. 2010. Growth response and feed utilization of juvenile hybrid catfish fed diets containing distiller’s dried grains with solubles to replace a combination of soybean meal and corn meal. North American Journal of Aquaculture 72, 298-303.
Rainza-paiva MJT, Ishikawa CM, Das-Eiras AA, Felizardo NN. 2000. Haemotological analysis of ‘chara’ Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum in captivity. Aqua 2, 2-6.
Reyes OS, Fermin AC. 2003. Terrestrial leaf meals or freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed abalone Haliotis asinine (Linnaeus 1758). Aquaculture Research 34, 593-599.
Rowland SJ, Ingram BA. 1991. Diseases of Australian native fishes. In: Fisheries Bulletin 4 NSW Fisheries, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sajjadi M, Carter CG. 2004a. Dietary phytase supplementation and the utilisation of phosphorus by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a canola-meal-based diet. Aquaculture 240, 417-431.
Sardar PH, Randhawa S, Abid M, Prabhakar SK. 2007. Effect of dietary microbial phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, body compositions and haemato-biochemical profiles of Cyprinus carpio (L.) fingerlings fed soyprotein-based diet. Aquaculture Nutrition 13, 444-456.
Selle PH, Ravindran V, Ravindran G, Pittolo PH, Bryden WL. 2003. Influence of phytase and xylanase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broilers offered wheat-based diets. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16, 394-402.
Shim YH, Chae BJ, Lee JH. 2004. Effects of phytase and enzyme complex supplementation to diets with different nutrient levels on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 17, 523-532.
Singh PK, Khatta VK, Thakur RS, Dey S, Sangwan ML. 2003. Effects of phytase supple-mentation on the performance of broiler chickens fed maize and wheat based diets with different levels of non-phytate phosphorus. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16, 1642-1649.
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. 1991. Statistical Methods. 8th Ed. Iowa State University. Press, Amer-icans. USA 503.
Soivio A, Oikari A. 1976. Hematological effects of stress on a teleost, Esox lucius L. Journal of fish biology 8, 397–411.
Soliva C R, Kreuzer M, Foidl N, Foidl G, Machmüller A, Hess H D. 2005. Feeding value of whole and extracted Moringa oleifera leaves for ruminants and their effects on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology 118, 47-62.
Soltan MA. 2009 Effect of dietary fish meal replacement by poultry byproduct meal with different grain source and enzyme supplementation on performance, feces recovery, body composition and nutrient balance of Nile tilapia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8, 395–407.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA. 1996. Principles oand procedures of statistics, 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill international Book Co. Inc., New York. USA 336-352.
Storebakken T, Shearer KD, Roem AJ. 1998. Availability of protein, phosphorus and elements in fishmeal, soy-protein and phytase-treated soy-protein concentrate based diet to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 161, 365-379.
Tacon AGJ, Metian M. 2008. Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: trends and future prospects. Aquaculture 285, 146–158.
Tagwireyi T, Mupangwa JF, Jepsen J, Mwera P. 2014. The effect of feeding heat treated Moringa oleifera (Lam) leaf meal on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus (Lan) fry. UNISWA Journal of Agriculture 17, 14-20.
Thiam S, Fall J, Loum A, Sagne M, Diouf M. 2015. Use of Effective Microorganisms (Em) in Tilapia Diets: Effects of Growth Performance and Carcass Composition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 11, 536-549.
Tiamiyu LO, Okomoda VT, Aende A. 2016. Growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera leaf as replacement for soybean meal. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 2, 61-66.
Vielma J, Lall SP, Koskela J. 1998. Effects of dietary phytase and cholecalciferol on phosphorus bioavaila-bility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aqua-culture 163, 309-323.
Vielma J, Ruohonen K, Gabaudan J, Vogel K. 2004. Top-spraying soybean meal-based diets with phytase improves protein and mineral digestibility but not lysine utilization in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research 35, 955-964.
Wedemeyer GA, Yastuke WT. 1977. Clinical methods for the assessment of the effects of environ-mental stress on fish health. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Technical papers 89.
Weerd JHV, Khalaf KHA, Aartsen FJ, Tijssen PAT. 1999. Balance trials with African cat fish, Clarias gariepinus fed phytase-treated soybean meal-based diets. Aquaculture Nutrition 5, 135-142.
Yan W, Reigh RC. 2002, Effects of fungal phytase on utilization of dietary protein and minerals, and de-phosphorylation of phytic acid in the alimentary tract of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus fed an all-plant-protein diet. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 33, 10–22.
Yoo G, Bai SC. 2014. Effects of the Dietary Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Soybean Meal based Diets. Fish Aquaculture Science 17, 319-324.
Yousif OM, Alhadhrami GA, Passaraki M, 1994. Evaluation of dehydrated alfalfa and saltbush Altiplex leaves in diets for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Aquaculture 126, 341-347.
Zhu Y, Ding Q, Chan J, Chen P, Wang C. 2015. The effects of concurrent supplementation of dietary phytase, citric acid and vitamin D3 on growth and mineral utilization in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) Aquaculture 436, 143–150
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Farhat Jabeen, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Zubair-Ul-Hassan Arsalan, Nisar Ahmad, Muhammad Masoom-Ul-Hassan Rehan, Danish Riaz (2016), Carcass composition and hematological study of Catla catla fingerlings fed on phytase supplemented Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet; JBES, V9, N1, July, P57-67
https://innspub.net/carcass-composition-and-hematological-study-of-catla-catla-fingerlings-fed-on-phytase-supplemented-moringa-oleifera-leaf-meal-molm-based-diet/
Copyright © 2016
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0