Characterization of bioactive compounds by TLC, FTIR and UV-Vis spectrum of mycelia extract of Trichoderma harzianum
Paper Details
Characterization of bioactive compounds by TLC, FTIR and UV-Vis spectrum of mycelia extract of Trichoderma harzianum
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma includes significant agents for biological control. The mycelia extract obtained from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum was separated and the primary fractions were preliminary characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible Spectrophotometer (UV-vis). Consequently, we examined the spectral regions for characterization, assessed the interference of the prepared sample solutions regarding their resolution and evaluated the capacity to distinguish between Trichoderma harzianum. The active fraction is subjected to bioassay-guided purification through the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique following its extraction with five bioactive compounds. The genetic diversity observed was consistent with the findings from FTIR spectroscopy. The application of FTIR in the mid-infrared range of 449.75–3957.60 cm−1, using samples prepared with 50% alcohol facilitated the characterization and differentiation of Trichoderma harzianum based on their genetic diversity. The UV-vis spectrum exhibited distinct peaks, indicating the existence of secondary metabolites. From this study, methodology presents a rapid and efficient approach for the characterization and differentiation of Trichoderma samples. The TLC techniques are applicable to a variety of plant extracts and can also be utilized with different fungal species, whether (aerobic or anaerobic) as well as fungi can be used as test organisms if culture conditions are modified to fit the growth requirements of the species.
Anwar J, Iqbal Z. 2017. Effect of Growth Conditions on Antibacterial Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. Sarhad J. Agric. 33, 501–510.
Boregowda N, Hariprasad P, Harischandra SP, Shivakanthkumar A, Sudisha J, Geetha N. 2020. Elicitation of Novel Trichogenic-Lipid Nanoemulsion Signaling Resistance Against Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Disease. Biomolecules 10(1), 25.
Choma IM, Grzelak EM. 2011. Bioautography detection in thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 1218(19), 2684-2691.
Elsayis A, Hassan SWM, Ghanem KM, Khairy H. 2022. Suggested sustainable medical and environmental uses of melanin pigment from halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1. Front. Microbiol. 13, 1394. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871394.
Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Egamberdieva D. 2016. Bioremediation of Adverse Impact of Cadmium Toxicity on Cassia italica Mill by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 23, 39–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.11.007.
Jogaiah S, Abdelrahman M, Tran LSP, Ito S. 2018. Different mechanisms of Trichoderma virens-mediated resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt involve the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways. Mol. Plant Pathol. 19, 870–882. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12571.
Joshi SM, De Britto S, Jogaiah S, Ito S. 2019. Mycogenic Selenium Nanoparticles as Potential New Generation Broad Spectrum Antifungal Molecules. Biomolecules. 9, 419. DOI: 10.3390/biom9090419.
Kandasamy S, SeonJu P, Anbazhagan S, Arokia VAM, Soyoung P, Seong-JK, Myeong-HW. 2021. Isolation of Polysaccharides from Trichoderma harzianum with Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Enzyme Inhibition Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 10(9), 1372.
Lecellier A, Gaydou V, Mounier J, Hermet A, Castrec L, Barbier G, Ablain W, Manfait M, Toubas D, Sockalingum G. 2015. Implementation of an FTIR spectral library of 486 filamentous fungi strains for rapid identification of molds. Food Microbiol. 45, 126–134.
Manimegalai V, Ambikapathy V, Panneerselvam A. 2011. Antifungal potentiality of some medicinal plant extracts against Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan). Pelagia Research Library 1(3), 77-80.
Mona SA, Hashem A, Abd Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Soliman DWK, Wirth S, Egamberdieva D. 2017. Increased Resistance of Drought by Trichoderma harzianum Fungal Treatment Correlates with Increased Secondary Metabolites and Proline Content. J. Integr. Agric. 16, 1751–1757. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61695-2.
Narendrababu BN, Shishupala S. 2017. Spectrophotometric detection of Pigments from Aspergillus and Penicillium isolates. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology 5(01), 053-058.
Omomowo IO, Fadiji AE, Omomowo OI. 2020. Antifungal Evaluation and Phytochemical Profile of Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus versiforme Secondary Metabolites on Cowpea Pathogens. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci. 22, 265–272.
Raquel HS, Maria ADCA, Susana S, Carmen O, Javier MA, Encarnacion NO. 2024. The Two Mycological Sides of Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Harmless for Mushroom Mycelia, Harmful for Mycopathogenic Mould Spores. 14(5), 681.
Reglinski T, Rodenburg N, Taylor JT, Northcott GL, Chee AA, Spiers TM, Hill RA. 2012. Trichoderma atroviride promotes growth and enhances systemic resistance to Diplodia pinea in radiata pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings. For. Pathol. 42, 75–78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00710.x.
Rony B, Faisl B, Patrick DM. 2021. FTIR Spectroscopy for Identification and Intra-Species Characterization of Serpula lacrymans. Appl. Sci. 11(18), 8463.
Shoaib A, Aslam N, Aslam N. 2013. Trichoderma harzianum: Adsorption, Desorption, Isotherm and FTIR Studies. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 23(5), 1460-1465.
Smith H, Sean D, Murphy R. 2023. Target directed identification of natural bioactive compounds from filamentous fungi. Food Chemistry 405, Part A, 134743.
Sriwati R, Chamzurn T, Soesanto L, Munazhirah M. 2019. Field Application of Trichoderma Suspension to Control Cacao Pod Rot (Phytophthora palmivora). AGRIVITA J. Agric. Sci. 41, 175–182. DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v41i1.2146.
Surekha CH, Neelapu NRR, Kamala G, Prasad BS, Ganesh PS. 2013. Efficacy of Trichoderma viride to Induce Disease Resistance and Antioxidant Responses in Legume Vigna mungo Infested by Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. Int. J. Agric. Sci. Res. 3, 285–294.
Wassima L, Ibtissem B, Mustapha MB, Hamdi B, Hafida K, Hakim B, Amel L, Hamida H, Dajwahir M, Hanane K, Taghrid SA, Najla A, Nabil B, Fehmi B, Abderrahmene D. 2023. Exploration and Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum: GC-MS Analysis, Phytochemical Profiling, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity Assessment. Molecules 28(13), 5025.
Woo SL, Scala F, Ruocco M, Loritto M. 2006. The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp., phytopathogenic fungi, and plants. Phytopathology 96, 1061–1070. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0181.
V. Manimegalai, V. Ambikapathy, A. Panneerselvam, 2024. Characterization of bioactive compounds by TLC, FTIR and UV-Vis spectrum of mycelia extract of Trichoderma harzianum. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 25(5), 6-12.
Copyright © 2024 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.